About what percent of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is reabsorbed by the tubules during urine formation?
1. 99% | 2. 70% |
3. 50% | 4. 20% |
10 to 15 distinct conical or triangular structures in the human kidney are seen in renal ______ and are known as renal ____________.
1. | pelvis; calyces | 2. | medulla; pyramids |
3. | cortex; columns of Bertini | 4. | cortex; lobes |
The hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, when stimulated by angiotensin II, that causes increased sodium and water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules, is:
1. renin | 2. aldosterone |
3. antidiuretic hormone | 4. cortisol |
Which of the following is true for excretion in humans?
1. | Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed in PCT by simple diffusion. |
2. | DCT is impermeable to water. |
3. | On an average, 25-30 gm of urea is excreted out per day. |
4. | Maximum reabsorption occurs in the loop of Henle. |
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):
Assertion (A): | Many amphibians excrete mainly ammonia when they are aquatic tadpoles and switch largely to urea excretion when they become land dwelling adults. |
Reason (R): | The main disadvantage of urea is its energy cost and the main advantage is its low toxicity. |
In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
Which area actually secretes renin into the blood?
1. macula densa | 2. juxtaglomerular apparatus |
3. juxtaglomerular cells | 4. cortical nephron |
The vascular endothelium of glomerular capillaries, basement membrane, and podocytes in the inner lining of Bowman’s capsule form:
1. filtration membrane | 2. juxtaglomerular apparatus |
3. Malpighian corpuscle | 4. nephron |
The functional unit of the human kidney is the:
1. | glomerulus | 2. | Malpighian body |
3. | nephron | 4. | medullary pyramids |
Urine from the major calyces in the kidney is collected by:
1. | minor calyces | 2. | renal pelvis |
3. | ureters | 4. | renal papillae |
The presence of which of the following in urine would be abnormal?
1. sodium | 2. glucose |
3. urea | 4. creatinine |