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Q. No.
Assertion (A): The concentrated filtrate passes upward in the loop of Henle, and it gets more concentrated.
Reason (R): The ascending limb is impermeable to water but allows the transport of electrolytes actively or passively.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Subtopic: Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 1 |
73%
Level 2: 60%+
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Assertion (A): ANF mechanism checks on the renin-angiotensin mechanism.
Reason (R): ANF causes vasodilation and decreases blood pressure.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Reason (R): ANF causes vasodilation and decreases blood pressure.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
83%
Level 1: 80%+
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Assertion (A): Insects are called uricotelic.
Reason (R): They absorb nitrogenous waste products and convert them into urea.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Reason (R): They absorb nitrogenous waste products and convert them into urea.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Subtopic: Nitrogenous Excretory Products |
83%
Level 1: 80%+
Hints
Assertion (A): Filtration of blood through Bowman's capsule is called ultrafiltration.
Reason (R): Blood is filtered very finely that almost all the constituents of the plasma except the proteins pass onto the lumen of the Bowman’s capsule.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Reason (R): Blood is filtered very finely that almost all the constituents of the plasma except the proteins pass onto the lumen of the Bowman’s capsule.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Subtopic: Nephron Part 2 |
81%
Level 1: 80%+
Hints
Find out the true (T)/ false (F) statements and choose the correct option :
I. DCT reabsorbs glucose
II. The term urine is used for the first time when glomerular filtrate reaches the collecting tubule
III. DCT helps in the reabsorption of Na+, H2O and HCO-3 and secretion of H+, K+ and NH3.
IV. The layers between the glomerular and Bowman's capsule through which filtration occurs are endothelium of glomerular blood vessel, basement membrane between endothelium of glomerular blood vessels and epithelium of the Bowman's capsule, and epithelium of Bowman's capsule
I. DCT reabsorbs glucose
II. The term urine is used for the first time when glomerular filtrate reaches the collecting tubule
III. DCT helps in the reabsorption of Na+, H2O and HCO-3 and secretion of H+, K+ and NH3.
IV. The layers between the glomerular and Bowman's capsule through which filtration occurs are endothelium of glomerular blood vessel, basement membrane between endothelium of glomerular blood vessels and epithelium of the Bowman's capsule, and epithelium of Bowman's capsule
| Option | I | II | III | IV |
| 1. | F | T | T | F |
| 2. | T | F | F | T |
| 3. | T | T | T | T |
| 4. | F | T | T | T |
Subtopic: Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 1 | Concentration of Urine |
75%
Level 2: 60%+
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Read the following statements:
i. Human kidney is metanephric
ii. Drinking vodka will cause more urination than drinking the same volume of beer
iii. Stimulation of parasympathetic nerve causes micrturation
iv. Rennin is a proteolytic enzyme but acts as hormone
v. The osmolarity of human blood is about 300 mosm/L, but the kidney excretes urine upto four times as concentrated about 1200 mOsm/L
How many of the above statement are incorrect?
1. One
2. Two
3. Four
4. Five
i. Human kidney is metanephric
ii. Drinking vodka will cause more urination than drinking the same volume of beer
iii. Stimulation of parasympathetic nerve causes micrturation
iv. Rennin is a proteolytic enzyme but acts as hormone
v. The osmolarity of human blood is about 300 mosm/L, but the kidney excretes urine upto four times as concentrated about 1200 mOsm/L
How many of the above statement are incorrect?
1. One
2. Two
3. Four
4. Five
Subtopic: Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 1 |
Level 4: Below 35%
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Match the columns:
1. A = iv, B = v, C = i, D = ii, E = iii
2. A = ii, B = iv, C = vi, D = i, E = iii
3. A = v, B = i, C = ii, D = iii, E = iv
4. A = iv, B = iii, C = vi, D = v, E = i
| Column-I | Column-II |
| A. Epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule | i. Juxtamedullary |
| B. Extension of cortex between the medullary pyramids as renal columns | ii. Vasa recta |
| C. Nephrons with long loop of Henle running deep into medulla | iii. Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| D. A fine vessel of the peritubular parallel to Henle's loop | iv. Podocytes |
| E. A special sensitive region in the DCT and afferent arteriole at the location of their contact | v. Columns of Bertini vi. Cortical nephron |
1. A = iv, B = v, C = i, D = ii, E = iii
2. A = ii, B = iv, C = vi, D = i, E = iii
3. A = v, B = i, C = ii, D = iii, E = iv
4. A = iv, B = iii, C = vi, D = v, E = i
Subtopic: Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 | Concentration of Urine |
90%
Level 1: 80%+
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Assertion (A): The collecting duct and distal convoluted tubule maintain the ionic balance and pH of blood.
Reason (R): Collecting duct and DCT are actively involved in the secretion of H+ ions and bicarbonate ions.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Reason (R): Collecting duct and DCT are actively involved in the secretion of H+ ions and bicarbonate ions.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine |
52%
Level 3: 35%-60%
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Assertion (A): About 99% of the filtrate has to be reabsorbed by renal tubules.
Reason (R): Glucose is mainly reabsorbed by active transport in PCT.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Reason (R): Glucose is mainly reabsorbed by active transport in PCT.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
85%
Level 1: 80%+
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Assertion (A): The wall of atria release ANF in response to high blood pressure and blood volume.
Reason (R): ANF is a vasodialator and inhibits the release of renin to lower blood pressure.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Reason (R): ANF is a vasodialator and inhibits the release of renin to lower blood pressure.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
77%
Level 2: 60%+
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