I: | A constant input of solar energy is the basic requirement for almost all ecosystems to function and sustain. |
II: | There is unidirectional movement of energy towards the higher trophic levels and its dissipation as heat to the environment. |
1. | About 2 to 10 % of incident solar radiation is PAR |
2. | An ecosystem is exempt from the Second Law of Thermodynamics |
3. | The amount of energy increases at successive trophic levels |
4. | The number of trophic levels in a grazing food chain is limited |
Assertion (A): | Ecosystems are not exempt from the Second Law of thermodynamics. |
Reason (R): | There is a constant supply of energy to synthesise the molecules they require, to counteract the universal tendency toward increasing disorderliness. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
3. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
Assertion (A): | In an ecosystem, organisms are linked through food chains and food webs. |
Reason (R): | No energy that is trapped into an organism remains in it forever. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
3. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
1. | Death of an organism is the beginning of the detritus food chain/web. |
2. | In an aquatic ecosystem, the detritus food chain (DFC) is the major conduit for energy flow. |
3. | In a terrestrial ecosystem, a much larger fraction of energy flows through the detritus food chain than through the grazing food chain (GFC). |
4. | Detritus food chain may be connected with the grazing food chain at some levels. |
Statement I: | Herbivores are primary consumers. |
Statement II: | Primary carnivores are secondary consumers. |
Organisms at each trophic level depend on those at the lower level trophic level for their energy demands except:
1. | Primary consumers | 2. | Secondary consumers |
3. | Tertiary consumers | 4. | Decomposers |
The detritus food chain:
I: | begins with dead organic matter |
II: | is the major conduit of energy flow in aquatic ecosystem. |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Consider the following statements:
I: | In an aquatic ecosystem, Grazing Food Chain (GFC) is the major conduit for energy flow. |
II: | In a terrestrial ecosystem, Detritus Food Chain (DFC) is the major conduit for energy flow. |
III: | GFC and DFC are not interconnected at any level. |
Which of the above statements are true?
1. | I and II only | 2. | I and III only |
3. | II and III only | 4. | I, II, and III |