1. | Any calculations of energy content, biomass or numbers, need not include all organisms at that trophic level. |
2. | No generalisations we make will be true if we take only a few individuals at any trophic level into account. |
3. | A given organism may occupy more than one trophic level simultaneously. |
4. | The trophic level represents a functional level, not a species as such. |
Identify the correct statements:
I: | Only a few individuals can be taken into account at any trophic level and the deductions may be generalised. |
II: | Trophic level is a functional level and does not represent a species. |
III: | A given species may occupy more than one trophic level in the same ecosystem at the same time. |
1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only I and III |
3. | Only II and III | 4. | I, II, III and IV |
Pyramid of numbers is :
1. Always upright
2. Always inverted
3. Either upright or inverted
4. Neither upright nor inverted
The ecological pyramids that can never be inverted in a natural ecosystem include:
I: | pyramid of numbers |
II: | pyramid of energy in any ecosystem |
III: | pyramid of biomass in the sea |
1. Only II
2. Only III
3. Only II and III
4. All can be inverted
In an open ocean, the pyramid of biomass is often inverted. How can this support higher trophic levels?
1. | The food produced by primary producers is of high quality |
2. | The primary producers grow and reproduce at high rates |
3. | Primary producers are very abundant. |
4. | The predators at higher trophic levels are very efficient |
Consider the following statements:
I: | Trophic level in an ecosystem represents a functional level, not a species as such. |
II: | Saprophytes are accorded the position of a top consumer in an ecosystem. |
III: | A species can occupy more than one trophic level in the same ecosystem at the same time. |
Which of the above statements are true?
1. | I and II only | 2. | I and III only |
3. | II and III only | 4. | I, II, and III |
Statement I: | The pyramid of energy is always upright and can never be inverted because when energy flows from one trophic level to the next, some energy is always lost as heat at each step. |
Statement II: | The pyramid of biomass in the sea is generally inverted because the biomass of fishes far exceeds that of phytoplankton. |
1. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct |
2. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect |
3. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect |
4. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct |
1. | It does not take into account the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels. |
2. | It assumes a simple food chain, something that almost never exists in nature. |
3. | It does not accommodate a food web. |
4. | Saprophytes are given multiple levels in ecological pyramids. |
I: | It represents an ideal pyramid of energy in an ecosystem. |
II: | Primary producers convert only 1% of the energy in the sunlight available to them into NPP. |
1. | Only I | 2. | Only II |
3. | Both I and II | 4. | Neither I nor II |
I: | The apex predators |
II: | the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels |
III: | saprophytes |