The important step in the process of decomposition in order is:

1.	Catabolism → Fragmentation → Leeching → Humification → Mineralization
2.	Catabolism → Fragmentation → Humification → Leeching → Mineralization
3.	Fragmentation → Humification → Catabolism → Leeching → Mineralization
4.	Fragmentation → Leeching → Catabolism → Humification → Mineralization

Which of the following is false?

I. Quantity of biomass in a trophical level at a particular period is called standing crop.
II. The energy content in a trophic level is determined by considering a few individuals of a species         in that trophic level.
III. The succession that occurs in nearly cooled lava is called primary succession.
IV. Rate of succession is faster in the secondary succession
V. Phytoplankton are the pioneers in aquatic succession

1. Only II

2. Only III

3. Only V

4. Only I and IV

The amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over -a time period by plants during photosynthesis is called primary production, which is expressed as:

1. g m⁻²

2. kcal m⁻²

3. (kcal m⁻²) yr⁻¹

4. Both (1) and (2)

Which of the following is the functional unit of nature?

1. A plant

2. An animal

3. Ecosystem

4. Environment

Identify the odd one out?

1. Forest

2. Grassland

3. Desert

4. Wetland

Which of the following is not a man-made ecosystem?

1. Pond

2. Crop-field

3. Swimming pool

4. Both ‘1’ and ‘3’

Which vertical strata is occupied by trees in a forest?

1. Top

2. Middle

3. Bottom

4. Any of the above.

Which of the following could affect the rate of function of a pond?

1. The solar input

2. The cycle of temperature

3. Day-length

4. All of the above

The basic requirement for any ecosystem to function and sustain is

1. Enormous amount of water

2. Constant input of solar energy

3. Fertile soil

4. Oxygen

The amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over a time period by plants during photosynthesis is called as-

1. Biomass production

2. Primary production

3. Secondary production

4. Assimilation