In which of the following instances would an ecological succession regarded as secondary?
1. Newly cooled lava
2. Bare rock
3. Newly created pond
4. Abandoned farmland
Ecological succession leads to mesic conditions in:
I: | Hydrarch succession |
II: | Xerarch succession |
1. Both I and II
2. Only I
3. Only II
4. Neither I nor II
The correct sequence of seral stages in primary hydrarch succession [pioneer to climax] would be:
1. | Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
2. | Phytoplankton, Submerged free floating plant stage, Submerged plant stage, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
3. | Phytoplankton, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Reed swamp stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
4. | Phytoplankton, Reed swamp stage, Marsh-meadow stage, Submerged plant stage, Submerged free floating plant stage, Scrub stage, Forest |
The amount of nutrients present in the soil, at any given time, is referred to as:
1. Standing state
2. Standing crop
3. Primary productivity
4. Secondary productivity
The reservoir is located in the Earth’s crust for:
I. Gaseous type of nutrient cycle
II. Sedimentary nutrient cycle
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II
The function of a reservoir of nutrient cycle is to:
1. synthesize minerals
2. transfer minerals to other ecosystems
3. meet any deficit
4. destroy the unwanted minerals
The maximum percent of total global carbon is found:
1. in fossil fuels
2. in atmosphere
3. dissolved in oceans
4. in biomass of microbes
Regarding phosphorus cycle:
I: | There is no respiratory release of phosphorus into atmosphere |
II: | Atmospheric inputs of phosphorus through rainfall of phosphorus is small |
1. Only I is true.
2. Only II is true.
3. Both I and II are true.
4. Both I and II are false.
Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
Ecosystem service |
Cost out of total [%] |
|
1. |
Soil formation |
50 |
2. |
Nutrient cycling |
10 |
3. |
Climate regulation |
6 |
4. |
Habitat for wildlife |
3 |
Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
1. Carnivores -- secondary or tertiary consumer
2. Decomposers -- microbial heterotrophs
3. Herbivores -- primary consumer
4. Omnivores -- molds, yeasts and mushrooms