When the diaphragm or external intercostal muscles contract, intrapulmonary pressure should
1. | increase | 2. | decrease |
3. | remain constant | 4. | equal atmospheric pressure |
During deglutition, the food is prevented from entering into the larynx by the cartilaginous:
1. epiglottis | 2. glottis |
3. aryepiglottic fold | 4. laryngeal prominence |
The trachea divides into a right and a left primary bronchus at the level of:
1. 2nd thoracic vertebra | 2. 3rd thoracic vertebra |
3. 5th thoracic vertebra | 4. 12th thoracic vertebra |
Regarding pulmonary capacities, the maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration can also be defined as:
1. Total volume of air a person can inspire or expire after a normal inspiration or expiration
2. Volume of air that will remain in the lungs after a normal expiration
3. Maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration
4. Total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of a forced inspiration
The binding of oxygen with hemoglobin is primarily related to:
1. | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide |
2. | Partial pressure of oxygen |
3. | H+ ion concentration in body fluids |
4. | Presence of 2,3-DPG in erythrocytes |
Under normal physiological conditions, what amount of oxygen is delivered to the tissues?
1. 4 ml | 2. 5 ml |
3. 15 ml | 4. 20 ml |
Pneumotaxic center:
1. | moderates the function of the rhythm center |
2. | establishes the respiratory rhythm |
3. | is located in medulla oblongata |
4. | reduces the duration of expiration and thereby alters the respiratory rate |
Pulmonary fibrosis is a pathological hallmark of:
1. Chronic obstructive lung disease
2. Bronchial asthma
3. Viral Pneumonia in children
4. Occupational lung diseases
The peripheral chemoreceptors are:
1. more sensitive to a decrease in than to a decrease in
2. stimulated by hypocapnia
3. located in the medulla oblongata of the brain stem
4. more sensitive to a decrease in than to a decrease in
A minimal amount of pleural fluid present in the pleural cavity:
1. | provides a medium for the exchange of respiratory gases |
2. | reduces friction between the visceral and parietal pleurae |
3. | provides lubrication for movements of the diaphragm |
4. | permits the exchange of electrolytes during respiration |