Cancer is :
1. | a disease caused by DNA viruses |
2. | caused by the multiplicity of virulent infections |
3. | a genetic disease caused by multiple mutational events |
4. | a hazard due to the occupation of an individual |
Cancer cells exhibit:
1. | Contact inhibition | 2. | Low division rate |
3. | Metastasis | 4. | High degree of differentiation |
Metastasis shown by malignant tumors:
1. | is due to contact inhibition exhibited by cells. |
2. | causes cells to remain undifferentiated. |
3. | makes cancer cells susceptible to be killed by radiation. |
4. | can start secondary tumors at distant sites in the body. |
Cancer causing genes are called:
1. | structural genes | 2. | expressor genes |
3. | oncogenes | 4. | regulatory genes |
A tumor that invades surrounding tissues is usually capable of producing metastases, may recur after attempted removal, and is likely to cause death unless adequately treated. Such a tumor is called a:
1. | Benign tumor | 2. | Malignant tumor |
3. | Teratoma | 4. | Secondary tumor |
A normal cellular gene which when altered by mutation can contribute to cancer is called:
1. | Oncogene | 2. | V – Onc |
3. | Neoplastic gene | 4. | Proto-oncogene |
Cancer detection is mainly based on:
1. | Radiography | 2. | Ultrasonography |
3. | Magnetic resonance imaging | 4. | Histopathology |
I: | Almost all carcinogens are mutagens. |
II: | X-rays and Gamma rays are non-ionising. |
III: | UV rays are ionising radiations. |
Assertion (A): | Early detection of cancer is essential for a favourable prognosis. |
Reason (R): | Early detection allows the disease to be treated successfully in many cases. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
1. | Leukaemias are diagnosed by blood and bone marrow tests. |
2. | CT scan uses X rays. |
3. | MRI uses ionising radiation and strong magnetic fields. |
4. | Antibodies against cancer-specific antigens can be used for the detection of certain cancers. |