1. | \(1.3~\text V\) | 2. | \(2.3~\text V\) |
3. | \(0\) | 4. | \(0.5~\text V\) |
(a) | electrons move from lower energy level to higher energy level in the conduction band. |
(b) | electrons move from higher energy level to lower energy level in the conduction band. |
(c) | holes in the valence band move from higher energy level to lower energy level. |
(d) | holes in the valence band move from lower energy level to higher energy level. |
(a) | there are no mobile charges |
(b) | equal number of holes and electrons exist, making the region neutral |
(c) | recombination of holes and electrons has taken place |
(d) | immobile charged ions exist |
1. | the current and voltage across the Zener remain fixed. |
2. | the current through the series Resistance (Rs) changes. |
3. | the Zener resistance is constant. |
4. | the resistance offered by the Zener changes. |
1. | (a, b) |
2. | (b, d) |
3. | (b, c) |
4. | (c, d) |
(a) | \(R_L\) should be increased |
(b) | input frequency should be decreased |
(c) | input frequency should be increased |
(d) | capacitors with high capacitance should be used |
1. | (a), (c) | 2. | (b), (d) |
3. | (a), (c), (d) | 4. | (b), (c), (d) |
(a) | the large velocity of the minority charge carriers if the doping concentration is small. |
(b) | the large velocity of the minority charge carriers if the doping concentration is large. |
(c) | strong electric field in a depletion region if the doping concentration is small. |
(d) | strong electric field in the depletion region if the doping concentration is large. |
1. | would be zero at all times. |
2. | would be like a half wave rectifier with positive cycles in output. |
3. | would be like a half wave rectifier with negative cycles in output. |
4. | would be like that of a full wave rectifier. |
1. | an anti-particle of electron. |
2. | a vacancy created when an electron leaves a covalent bond. |
3. | absence of free electrons. |
4. | an artificially created particle. |
1. | \(220~\text{V}\) | 2. | \(110~\text{V}\) |
3. | \(0~\text{V}\) | 4. | \(220\sqrt{2}~\text{V}\) |