A cell having an emf \(\varepsilon\) and internal resistance \(r\) is connected across a variable external resistance \(R\). As the resistance \(R\) is increased, the plot of potential difference \(V\) across \(R\) is given by:
| 1. | ![]() |
2. | ![]() |
| 3. | ![]() |
4. | ![]() |
| (a) | conservation of the current density vector. |
| (b) | conservation of charge. |
| (c) | the fact that the momentum with which a charged particle approaches a junction is unchanged (as a vector) as the charged particle leaves the junction. |
| (d) | the fact that there is no accumulation of charges at a junction. |
Which of the above statements are correct?
| 1. | (b) and (c) |
| 2. | (a) and (c) |
| 3. | (b) and (d) |
| 4. | (c) and (d) |
Which of the following \(({I\text-V})\) graphs represents ohmic conductors?
| 1. | ![]() |
2. | ![]() |
| 3. | ![]() |
4. | ![]() |
Figure (i) and figure (ii) both are showing the variation of resistivity \((\rho)\) with a temperature \((T)\) for some materials. Identify the type of these materials.

1. Conductor and semiconductor
2. Conductor and Insulator
3. Insulator and semiconductor
4. Both are conductors
| Assertion (A): | The fractional error in \(R\) is most affected by that of the smallest resistance in the combination, other things being equal. |
| Reason (R): | In parallel, the conductances add. The contribution to the overall error in the conductance is largest for the largest conductance or the smallest resistance. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |

| 1. | \( {i}_{0}T\) | 2. | \( \dfrac{{i}_{0}T}{2}\) |
| 3. | \( \dfrac{{i}_{0}T}{3}\) | 4. | \( \dfrac{{i}_{0}T}{\sqrt{2}}\) |
| Assertion (A): | Resistance of a conducting metallic wire depends on the voltage applied across it and current passing through it. |
| Reason (R): | Ohm's law is also valid for semiconductors. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| Assertion (A): | When an external resistor of resistance R (connected across a cell of internal resistance r) is varied power consumed by resistance R is maximum when R=r. |
| Reason (R): | Power consumed by a resistor of constant resistance R is maximum when the current through it is maximum. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| (i) | The brightness of bulb \(C\) is the highest. |
| (ii) | If \(A\) fails, \(B\) will not glow. |
| (iii) | If \(C\) fails, the brightness of bulb \(D\) increases. |
| 1. | (i) only |
| 2. | (ii) only |
| 3. | (i) and (ii) only |
| 4. | (ii) and (iii) only |