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According to Hugo de Vries, the mechanism of evolution is
(1) Multiple step mutations
(2) Saltation
(3) Minor mutations
(4) Phenotypic variations

Among the following sets of examples for divergent evolution, select the incorrect option:
(1) Forelimbs of man, bat and cheetah
(2) Heart of bat, man and cheetah
(3) Eye of octopus, bat and man
(4) Brain of bat, man and cheetah

The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of
(1) Homology
(2) Analogy
(3) Adaptive radiation
(4) Convergent evolution

Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding higher milk output represents
(1) Stabilizing selection as it stabilizes this character in the population
(2) Directional as it pushes the mean of the character in one direction
(3) Disruptive as it splits the population into two one yielding higher output and the other lower output
(4) Stabilizing followed by disruptive as it stabilizes the population to produce higher yielding cows

Genetic drift operates in 7
(1) Small isolated population
(2) Large isolated population
(3) Non-reproductive population
(4) Slow reproductive population

In Hardy-Weinberg equation, the frequency of heterozygous individual is represented by
(1) $p^2$            (2) 2pq              (3) pq              (4) $q^2$

The chronological order of human evolution from early to the recent is
(1) Australopithecus $\to$ Ramapithecus $\to$ Homo habilis $\to$ Homo erectus
(2) Ramapithecus $\to$ Australopithecus $\to$ Homo habilis $\to$ Homo erectus
(3) Ramapithecus $\to$ Homo habilis $\to$ Australopithecus $\to$ Homo erectus
(4) Australopithecus $\to$ Homo habilis $\to$ Ramapithecus $\to$ Homo erectus

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the origin of life?
(i) Formation of protobionts
(ii) Synthesis of organic monomers
(iii) Synthesis of organic polymers
(iv) Formation of DNA-based genetic systems
(1) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(2) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
(3) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
(4) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)

A molecule that can act as a genetic material must fulfill the traits given below, except
(1) It should be able to express itself in the form of 'Mendelian characters'
(2) It should be able to generate its replica
(3) It should be unstable structurally and chemically
(4) It should provide the scope for slow changes that are required for evolution

Which of the following structures is homologus to the wing of a bird?
(1) Flipper of Whale
(2) Dorsal fin of a Shark
(3) Wing of a Moth
(4) Hind limb of Rabbit

Analogous structures are a result of
(1) Stabilizing selection
(2) Divergent evolution
(3) Convergent evolution
(4) Shared ancestry

Following are the two statements regarding the origin of life
(a) The earliest organisms that appeared on the earth were non-green and presumably anaerobes.
(b) The first autotrophic organisms were the chemoautotrophs that never released oxygen. On the above statements which one of the following options is correct?
(1) Both (a) & (b) are false
(2) (a) is correct but (b) is false
(3) (b) is correct but (a) is false
(4) Both (a) & (b) are correct

The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect are:
(1) Homologous structures and represent convergent evolution
(2) Homologous structures and represent divergent evolution
(3) Analogous structures and represent convergent evolution
(4) Phylogenetic structures and represent divergent evolution.

Industrial melanism is an example of
(1) Neo Lamarckism                  (2) Neo Darwinism
(3) Natural selection                  (4) Mutation

Which of the following had the smallest brain capacity?
(1) Homo habilis                       (2) Homo erectus
(3) Homo sapiens                     (4) Homo neanderthalensis

Which is the most common mechanism of genetic variation in the population of a sexually-reproducing organism?
(1) Recombination                          (2) Transduction
(3) Chromosomal aberrations        (4) Genetic drift

A population will not exist in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if
(1) The population is large                    (2) Individuals mate selectively
(3) There are no mutations                    (4) There is no migration

Forelimbs of cat, lizard used in walking; forelimbs of whale used in swimming and forelimbs of bats used in flying are an example of
(1) Analogous organs                   (2) Adaptive radiation
(3) Homologous organs               (4) Convergent evolution

Which one of the following are analogous structures?
(1) Wings of Bat and Wings of Pigeon
(2) Gills of Prawn and Lungs of Man
(3) Thorns of Bougainvillea and Tendrils of Cucurbita
(4) Flippers of Dolphin and Legs of Horse

The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an example of
(1) Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
(2) Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
(3) Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
(4) Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution

The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge, is called
(1) Convergent evolution                   (2) Non-random evolution
(3) Adaptive radiation                        (4) Natural selection

The tendency of population to remain in genetic equilibrium may be disturbed by
(1) Lack of migration                      (2) Lack of mutations
(3) Lack of random mating             (4) Random mating

Variation in gene frequencies within populations can occur by chance rather than by natural selection. This is referred to as
(1) Genetic drift                (2) Random mating
(3) Genetic load               (4) Genetic flow

According to Darwin, the organic evolution is due to
(1) Interspecific competition
(2) Competition within closely related species
(3) Reduced feeding efficiency in one species due to the presence of interfering species
(4) Intraspecific competition

Evolution of different species in a given area starting from a point and spreading to other geographical areas is known as
(1) Migration                     (2) Divergent evolution
(3) Adaptive radiation       (4) Natural selection

What was the most significant trend in the evolution of modern man (Homo sapiens) from his ancestors? 
(1) Increasing cranial capacity
(2) Upright posture
(3) Shortening of jaws
(4) Binocular vision

Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution?
         Convergent Evolution                              Divergent evolution
(1) Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates                Wings of butterfly and birds
(2) Thorns of and tendrils of BougainvillIea       Eyes of and mammals
    Cucurbita
(3) Eyes of octopus and mammals                                  Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates
(4) Thorns of and tendrils of Bougainvillea         Wings of butterflies and birds
    Cucurbita

The extinct human who lived 1,00,000 to 40,000 years ago, in Europe, Asia and parts of Africa, with short stature, heavy eye brows, retreating for heads, large jaws with heavy teeth, stocky bodies, a lumbering gait and stooped posture was
(1) Ramapithecus                                  (2) Homo habilis
(3) Neanderthal human                         (4) Cro-magnan humans

The idea of mutations was brought forth by
(1) Hugo de Vries, who worked on evening primrose
(2) Gregor Mendel, who worked on Pisum sativum
(3) Hardy Weinberg, who worked on allele frequencies in a population
(4) Charles Darwin, who observed a wide variety of organisms during sea voyage

Darwin’s finches are a good example of 
(1) Convergent evolution                    (2) Industrial melanism
(3) Connecting link                              (4) Adaptive radiation

Which of the following is the relatively most accurate method for dating of fossils?
(1) Potassium – Argon method
(2) Uranium – Lead method
(3) Electron – Spin resonance method
(4) Radio – Carbon method

Random non-directional change in allele frequencies that occurs by chance in all populations and especially in small populations is known as
(1) Mutation                  (2) Migration
(3) Natural selection    (4) Genetic drift

The finch species of Galapagos Islands are grouped according to their food sources. Which of the following is not a finch food?
(1) Seeds
(2) Carrion
(3) Insects
(4) Tree buds

Dinosaurs dominated the world in which of the following geological era?
(1) Devonion                     (2) Coenozoic
(3) Jurassic                       (4) Mesozoic

What is true about the isolated small tribal populations?
(1) There is no change in population size as they have a large gene pool
(2) There is a decline in population as boys marry girls only from their own tribe
(3) Hereditary diseases like colour blindness do not spread in the isolated population
(4) Wrestlers who develop strong body muscles in their life time pass this character on to their progeny

Which statement best explains the evolutionary advantage of meiosis?
(1) Meiosis is necessary for sexual reproduction
(2) Genetic recombinations are possible from generation to generation
(3) Meiosis alternates with mitosis for generation to generation
(4) The same genetic system is passed on from generation to generation

Which one of the following changes involved is irrelevant, in the evolution of man?
(1) Perfection of hand for tool making
(2) Change of diet from hard nuts and hard roots to soft food
(3) Loss of tail
(4) Increase in the ability to communicate with others and develop community behaviour

Which of the following evidences does not favour the Lamarckian concept of inheritance of acquired characters?
(1) Lack of pigment in cave-dwelling animals
(2) Melanization in peppered moth
(3) Absence of limbs in snakes
(4) Presence of webbed toes in aquatic birds

Which of the following is a pair of homologous organs?
(1) Pectoral fin of fish and fore-limb of horse
(2) Wings of grasshopper and wings of crow
(3) Lungs of rabbit and gills of prawn
(4) Wings of bat and wings of butterfly

The concept that ‘Population tends to increase geometrically while food supply increases arithmetically’ was put forward by
(1) Thomas Malthus                         (2) Charles Darwin
(3) Stuart Mill                                    (4) Adam Smith

The change of the lighter-coloured variety of peppered moth (Biston betularia) to its darker variety (Biston carbonaria) is due to
(1) Mutation                        (2) Regeneration
(3) Genetic isolation           (4) Temporal isolation

The homologous organs are those that show similarity in
(1) Appearance                       (2) Function
(3) Origin                                 (4) Size

The presence of gill slits, in the embryos of all vertebrates, supports the theory of
(1) Metamorphosis
(2) Biogenesis
(3) Organic evolution
(4) Recapitulation

Two zoogeographical regions, separated by high mountain ranges, are
(1) Neoarctic and Palaearctic
(2) Neotropical and Ethiopian
(3) Oriental and Australian
(4) Palaearctic and Oriental

Which era is dubbed as the age of prokaryotic microbes?
(1) Precambrian                  (2) Phanerozoic
(3) Archean                         (4) Cambrian

The animals of cold countries have relatively shorter and poorly developed ears, eyes, hairs and other phenotypic characters. This is known by which law?
(1) Cope’s Law                      (2) Dollo’s Law
(3) Allen’s Law                       (4) Bergmann’s Law

Which of the following changes for man in the course of evolution is probably useless?
(1) Development of being erect
(2) Development of cranial capacity
(3) Loss of tail
(4) Development of opposable thumb

Which of the following is the direct ancestor of Homo sapiens?
(1) Australopithecus                      (2) H. sapiens neanderthalis
(3) Homo erectus                          (4) Ramapithecus

Which of the following is the correct group of vestigial organs in man?
(1) Nictitating membrane, ear muscles, eyelids and coccyx
(2) Appendix, coccyx, ear muscles and elbow joint
(3) Wisdom tooth, coccyx, body hair and ear pinna
(4) Wisdom tooth, body hair, nictitating membrane and vermiform appendix

Improvement of human race by controlled selective breeding between individual with desirable characteristics is called
(1) Inbreeding                    (2) Euthenics
(3) Eugenics                      (4) None of these

The correct sequence for the manufacture of the gases on the primitive earth is
(1) $N{H}_3$ , nucleic acid, protein and carbohydrate
(2) Protein, carbohydrate, water and nucleic acid
(3) $N{H}_3$ , protein, carbohydrate and nucleic acid
(4) $N{H}_3$ , water, nucleic acid and protein