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1.

The concept of chemical evolution is based on 
1. crystallization of chemicals
2. interaction of water, air, and clay under intense heat
3. effect of solar radiation on chemicals
4. the possible origin of life by the combination of chemicals under suitable environmental conditions

2.

In Miller's experiment, he used a mixture of CH₄, NH₃, H₂ and water vapour in a closed flask to mimic early earth conditions. What was the temperature at which this flask was kept?
(a) $800°\mathrm{C}$
(b) $1200°\mathrm{C}$
(c) $200°\mathrm{C}$
(d) $400°\mathrm{C}$

3.

Which of the following is not true about Big Bang theory?

4.

The embryological support for evolution was disproved by whose keen observations?

5.

Peak getting higher and narrower is observed in which of the operation of natural selection?

6.

The flourishing period of seed ferns is

7.

8.

Which type of natural selection is illustrated by industrial melanism?
1. Directional selection
2. Balancing selection
3. Disruptive selection
4. stabilising selection

9.

The age of fossils in the past was generally determined by the radiocarbon method and other methods involving radioactive elements found in the rocks. More precise methods, which were used recently and led to the revision of the evolutionary periods for different groups of organisms include:

1.	study of the conditions of fossilization.
2.	electron spin resonance (ESR) and fossil DNA.
3.	study of carbohydrates/proteins in rocks.
4.	study of carbohydrates/proteins in fossils.

10.

Evolution by __‘a’__ in a true sense would have started
when cellular forms of life with differences in metabolic
capability originated on earth. Here ‘a’ is
1. Mutation
2. Natural selection
3. Genetic drift
4. Special creation

11.

Natural selection can lead to stabilisation, when more individuals acquire mean character value. This type of natural selection is called as
1.  Stabilizing 
2.  Directional selection
3.  Disruptive selection
4.  Progressive selection

12.

Following graph is the diagrammatic representaion of a type of natural selection. The selection is 

1 Disruptive selection
2 Stabilising selection
3 Directional selection
4 Balancing selection
 
 

13.

Some scientists believed that life came out of decaying and rotting matter like straw, mud, etc. This concept is based on
1 Theory of panspermia
2 Theory of spontaneous generation
3 Theory of biogenesis
4 Cosmozoan theory

14.

The process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches, is called as:
1. Convergent evolution
2. Divergent evolution
3. Adaptive radiation
4. Saltation

15.

Evolution is a
I. A direct process in the sense of determinism
II. A stochastic process based on chance events in nature and chance mutation in organism
III. A change in the genetic material of a population of organisms from one generation to the next.
(1) I, II, III are correct
(2) II and III are incorrect
(3) II and III are correct
(4) I and III are correct

16. Spark discharge in Miller's experiment simulated 
1. Reduing atmosphere 
2. UV radiations 
3. Low temperature 
4. Lightening

17.

Select the incorrect match:

1.	Universe	20 billion years old
2.	Earth	4.5 million years back
3.	UV rays	Broke up water into H2 and O2
4.	Louis Pasteur	Demonstrated that life comes only from pre-existing life

18. For primary abiogenesis, Oparin opined that the primeval Earth atmosphere lacked:
1. Hydrogen
2. Free oxygen
3. Methane
4. Ammonia             

19. Select the correct statement regarding the mutation theory of evolution:

1.	This theory was proposed by Alfred Wallace.
2.	Variations are small directional changes.
3.	Single-step large mutation is a cause of speciation.
4.	Large differences due to mutations arise gradually in a population.

20. Marine mollusc having white shell attached to white goose neck barnacles protect themselves from predators. Mollusc having dark tan shell attached to tan coloured rocks survive whereas mollusc having intermediate shell colour fell prey
to predator. The type of natural selection in above context is
1. Stabilising selection
2. Directional selection
3. Balancing selection
4. Disruptive selection

21. Read the following statements and choose the option which correctly states each statement as true (T) or false (F).
(a) In experiments similar to Miler's experiment scientists observed the formation of sugars, nitrogen bases, pigment, and fats.
(b) Life appeared 500 million years after the formation of the universe.
(c) Evolutionary biology is the study of the history of life forms on earth.

	(a)	(b)	(c)
1.	F	F	T
2.	F	T	T
3.	T	F	T
4.	T	T	T

 

22. If theory of special creation is correct, then
1. Fossilis of certain life forms will be restricted to certain geological time-spans.
2. Earth is about a billion years old
3. The diversity of living organisms will stay the same
4. Gradual evolution of life forms will occur.

23. Which type of evolution is shown by the given graph?

1. Disruptive
2. Destructive
3. Competitive
4. Stabilising

24. Which of the following provides most evident proof of evolution? 
1. Fossils 
2. Morphology 
3. Embryo 
4. Vestigial organs 

25. Consider the given two statements:

Assertion (A):	Analogous structures are a result of divergent evolution
Reason (R):	Analogous structures evolve for the same function and hence have structural similarity.

 

1.	(A) is False but (R) is True.
2.	Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
3.	Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
4.	(A) is True but (R) is False.

26. Regarding Miller and Urey experiment:

I:	They created similar conditions in a laboratory scale as was proposed for primeval Earth atmosphere by Oparin.
II:	They created electric discharge in a closed flask containing CH4, O2, NH3 and water vapour at 80°C.
III:	They observed formation of amino acids.

1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct

27. A study of fossils in different sedimentary layers:

I:	indicates the geological period in which they existed.
II:	shows that life-forms varied over time.
III:	shows that certain life-forms are restricted to certain geological time-spans.

1. Only I and II are correct
2. Only I and III are correct
3. Only II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are correct

28. Consider the given two statements:

Assertion:	The presence of gill slits and a tail in the early stages of development of an embryo indicates that it can develop only as a fish.
Reason:	Embryos pass through the adult stages of other animals.

 

1.	Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion.
2.	Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
3.	Assertion is false and Reason is also false.
4.	Assertion is true but Reason is false.

29. When observed during their early stages of development, the embryos of reptiles, birds, and mammals look very similar. What can be said regarding reptiles, birds, and mammals based on this observation?
1. They have a common ancestor
2. They live in the same types of environments
3. They have undergone parallel evolution
4. They are no longer undergoing evolution

30. The ultimate source of genetic variability in the gene pool of a population is:
1. mutation
2. migration
3. genetic drift
4. non-random mating