Target Test

Botany - Section A

1.

Identify the incorrect statement:

1.	Biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics. They are Latinised or derived from Latin irrespective of their origin.
2.	The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second component denotes the specific epithet.
3.	Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten, are separately underlined, or printed in italics to indicate their vernacular origin.
4.	The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter while the specific epithet starts with a small letter.

2.

The scientific term for biological classification categories is the:
(1) Species
(2) Taxon
(3) Phylum
(4) Domain

3.

Which of the following taxonomic categories contains organisms least similar to one another?
1. Class
2. Genus
3. Family
4. Species

4.

Match each item in Column I with one item in Column II regarding taxonomic categories of humans and chose your answer from the codes given below:

Column I	Column II
I. Family	1. Primata
II. Order	2. Hominidae
III. Class	3. Chordata
IV. Phylum	4. Mammalia

Codes:

	I	II	III	IV
1.	1	2	3	4
2.	2	1	4	3
3.	2	1	3	4
4.	1	2	4	3

5.

ICBN stands for
1. International Classification of Biological Nomenclature
2. International Class of Biological Nomenclature
3. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
4. International Classification of Biological Namning

6.

The taxon which includes related species is
(1) class
(2) order
(3) family
(4) genus

7.

Select the correct sequence for Homo erectus.
1. erectus → Homo → Primata → Chordata → Animalia
2. Homo → erectus → Primata → Animalia → Chordata
3. Homo → erectus → Primata → Chordata → Animalia
4. erectus → Homo → Animalia → Primata → Chordata

8.

Taxonomic hierarchy refers to
(1) step-wise arrangement of all categories for classification of plants and animals
(2) a group of senior taxonomists, who decide the nomenclature of plants and animals
(3) a list of botanists or zoologists, who have worked on taxonomy of a species or group
(4) classification of a species based on fossil record

9.

By increasing the area of observation…..and ……… of organisms will increase.
1. Size and variety
2. Range and variety
3. Efficiency and range
4. Growth and variety

10.

Biodiversity means-
a. Number of organisms known
b. Types of organisms known
c. Number of species known
d. All are correct

11.

Nomenclature is important -
a. So that it may become easy to talk about that organism in different States
b. So that we may assign a single name to an organism valid all over the world.
c. To avoid confusion at the level of different scientific domains
d. To avoid confusion in writing research articles regarding the advancements around that organism.

12.

Nomenclature is
a. assigning a single name to an organism valid all over the world.
b. Defining properties of an organism
c. Localizing the area of abundance for that organism
d. Assigning three sets of name applicable at different levels of classification.

13.

What is prerequisite for nomenclature?

1.	Description of organism
2.	Knowledge of which organism is considered for a particular name
3.	Identification
4.	All are correct

14.

ICBN stands for
a. International Code for Binomial Nomenclature
b. International Code for Biological Nomenclature
c. International Code for Botanical Nomenclature
d. International Code for Biogeographical Nomenclature

15.

ICZN stands for
a. International Code of Zoosporic Nomenclature
b. International Code of Zygotic Nomenclature
c. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
d. International Code of Zoosporangia Nomenclature

16.

Scientific name does not ensure
a. Each organism has only one name
b. Description of any organism lead to the same name of organism in any part of the world
c. No two organisms have the same name
d. Status of threat of extinction of that organism holding a specific scientific name.

17.

indica is-
a. Specific epithet of mango
b. Specific epithet of Indus valley species
c. Specific epithet of wheat ( indian species)
d. Specific epithet of Rice ( indian species)

18.

Name of the author is not written in which of the following way?
a. After the specific epithet
b. In abbreviated form
c. At the end of Biological name
d. Written in italics

19.

Classification is not associated with
a. Grouping into convenient categories
b. Based on easily observable characters
c. Purpose is to study all the living organisms
d. Writing scientific names in impressive and understandable way.

20.

Binomial Nomenclature is the system
p. Given by Carolus Linnaeus
q. Practiced by scientists of Botany only
r. Provides a name with two components
s. Inconvenient than earlier naming systems
How many of the statements are correct?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 1

21.

What is not true with respect to Systematics
a. Systematic arrangement of organisms
b. Derived from latin word systema
c. The study of relationships among different organisms
d. Does not account any kind of evolutionary relationships.

22.

Systematics does not include-
1. Identification
2. Nomenclature
3. Classification
4. Evolutionary relationships between environment and organisms

23.

Taxonomic groups or categories are not
1. Distinct Biological entities
2. Morphological aggregates
3. Part of overall taxonomic arrangement
4. Rank denoting entities

24.

Kingdom- Phylum- Class- Order-Family-Genus-Species
a. Categories of plants
b. Categories of animals
c. Both a and b
d. Categories of bacteria

25.

What does not hold true with Species?
a. Group of individual organisms
b. Having Fundamental similarities
c. Having morphological differences
d. Each Genus has only one specific epithet

26.

Which of the following is matched incorrectly:
a. Mangifera: indica
b. Panthera: tuberosum
c. Solanum: melongena
d. Solanum: nigrum

27.

Genus has
a. More common character possessing group of one species than other species
b. More common character possessing group of species than species of other genera
c. Less common character possessing group of species than other phyla
d. Less common character possessing group of one species than other species

28.

Genera are
a. An aggregate of different species
b. An aggregate of closely related species
c. An aggregate of different organism of a single species
d. An aggregate of closely related organisms of a single species

29.

Which of the following set is not correct?
a. Potato and Brinjal
b. Lion, leopard and cat
c. Tigris, pardus and leo
d. Nigrum and melongena

30.

Cats come under Felis. Which taxon are we talking about?
a. Class
b. Order
c. Genus
d. Species

31.

As we go from species to kingdom-
a. The number of similarities gets reduced than previous taxon.
b. The number of similarities gets increased than previous taxon.
c. The number of dissimilarities gets reduced than previous taxon.
d. None of the above

32.

Identify the correct match:
a. Felis: canidae
b. Datura: Solanaceae
c. Petunia: Leguminoceae
d. Dogs: Felidae

33.

Order…….. and primate comes under class…….
a. Carnivora, mammalia
b. Diptera, Reptilia
c. Poals, Reptilia
d. Diptera, mammalia

34.

Classes’ together form……...in plants.
a. Phylum
b. Division
c. Kingdom
d. Order

35.

The family of Mangifera indica is

a. Anacardiaceae	b. Sapindales
c. Poals	d. Muscidae

Botany - Section B

36.

Dicotyledonae represents
a. Class
b. Order
c. Division
d. Genus

37.

Taxonomic studies are not useful in
a. Agriculture
b. Industry
c. Knowing our bio-resources and their biodiversity
d. Measuring field capacity

38.

Which of the following statements about classification is not true?
(i) Members of a family are less similar than members of an included genus.
(ii) An order has more members than the number of members in an included genus.
(iii) Families have more members than phyla.
(iv) Members of a family share a common ancestor in the more distant past than members of an included genus.
(v) The number of species in a taxon depends on their relative degree of similarity.
1. Only (iii)
2. Only (iv)
3. Only (v)
4. None of these

39.

Select the correctly written complete scientific name of Mango which was first described by Carolus Linnaeus:
1. Mangifera Indica
2. Mangifera indica Car. Linn.
3. Mangifera indica Linn.
4. Mangifera indica

40.

In which of the following option name is written
correctly?
1. APIS INDICA
2. Trypansoma Gambiense
3. Ficus begalensis
4. Mangifera indica

41.

Which of the following is against the rules of ICBN?

1.	Hand written scientific names should be underlined.
2.	Every species should have a generic name and a specific epithet.
3.	Scientific names are in Latin and should be italicized.
4.	Generic and specific names should be written starting with small letters.

42.

The highest category in the taxonomic hierarchy is
1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Species

43. Monkey, gorilla, gibbon, tiger, cat and dog do not belong to the same:

1.	Phylum	2.	Order
3.	Class	4.	Kingdom

44. Which of the following is a correct match between the biological name and the order of the organism?
1. Homo sapiens – Hominidae
2. Mangifera indica - Anacardiaceae
3. Triticum aestivum - Poaceae
4. Mangifera indica - Sapindales

45.
Given below are two statements:

Assertion (A):	Members of a family has less similarities than members of a genus
Reason (R):	Number of similar characters decrease as we go higher in taxonomical hierarchy

1.	Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is true but (R) is false.
4.	Both (A) and (R) are false.

46. A newly discovered organism is given a name based on criteria provided in ICBN. Which of the following should not be the characteristic of this organism?
1. Occurrence of photosynthesis
2. Presence of cell wall
3. Lacks nucleus but has genetic material
4. Various cell organelles in the cell

47. Regarding taxonomy and systematics, which one is exclusive to systematics?
1. Internal structure
2. Development process
3. Evolutionary relationships between organisms
4. Ecological information of organisms

48. Which of the following is/are referred to as unit of classification?
(a) Category
(b) Organism
(c) Taxon
(d) Rank
1. (a) only
2. All (a), (b), (c) and (d)
3. (a), (c) and (d)
4. (a) and (c) only

49. Different species of a genus

1.	Are very different from each other in their basic properties
2.	Have morphological similarities
3.	Can be placed in different families
4.	Cannot be differentiated on the basis of their morphological features

50. Between which of the following taxa, there is greater difficulty of determining relationship?
1. Mangifera and Triticum
2. Dicotyledonae and Monocotyledonae
3. Sapindales and Poales
4. Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae

Zoology - Section A

51.

The solubility of carbon dioxide is about _____ times higher than that of oxygen across the respiratory membrane.
1. 20-25
2. 25-50
3. 125-150
4. 200-250

52.

Nasopharynx opens through_________ of the larynx region into the trachea.
1. glottis
2. gullet
3. epiglottis
4. All of these

53.

How many of the following are steps of respiration
Pulmonary ventilation, diffusion, transport of gases, energy production,
(1)4
(2)3
(3)2
(4)1

54.

During inspiration which of the following events takes place
1. Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contracts
2. Diaphragm and internal intercostal muscles relax
3. Intra Pleural pressure is less than atmospheric pressure
4. Both A and C

55.

During expiration which of the following events takes place
(1)Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contracts
(2) Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax
(3)Inter Pleural pressure is less than atmospheric pressure
(4)Both A and C

56.

The peripheral chemoreceptors are:
1. more sensitive to a decrease in PCO₂ than to a decrease in PO₂
2. stimulated by hypocapnia
3. located in the medulla oblongata of the brain stem
4. more sensitive to a decrease in PO₂ than to a decrease in PCO₂

57.

The partial pressure of CO₂ is minimum in the
1. atmospheric air
2. Alveoli
3. Deoxygenated blood
4. Oxygenated blood

58.

Diffusion membrane consists of
1. Squamous epithelium of alveoli
2. endothelium of alveolar capillaries
3. Basement substance between them
4. All of the above

59.

What percentage of oxygen molecule is transported in a dissolved state through plasma
1. 3
2. 20-25
3. 70
4. 97

60.

______ temperature will shift the Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation Curve to _____side,
1. lower, left
2. higher, right
3. lower, right
4. Both A and B

61.

The red coloured, Fe Containing pigment present in the Erythrocytes is
1. Haemoglobin
2. Myoglobin
3. Globin
4. Albumin

62.

Carbonic anhydrase is present in
1. R.B.C
2. Plasma
3. Both A and B
4. Tissues

63.

Which of the following helps in the regulation of the respiratory rhythm?
1. Respiratory rhythm centre
2. Pneumotaxic centre
3. Aortic arch and carotid artery receptors
4. All of the above

64.

The majority of carbon dioxide produced by our body cells is transported to the lungs:
1. dissolved in the blood
2. as bicarbonates
3. as carbonates
4. attached to haemoglobin

65.

The maximum amount of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration is called as:
1. Expiratory capacity
2. Expiratory reserve volume
3. Functional residual capacity
4. Vital capacity

66.

Partial pressure of ${CO}_{2}$ in alveoli of lungs:
1. Is equal to that in the deoxygenated blood.
2. Is more than that in the deoxygenated blood.
3. Is less than that in the deoxygenated blood.
4. Is more than that of ${CO}_{2}$ in alveoli.

67.

Given below a diagram of a section of an alveolus with a pulmonary capillary. Which of the following is a correct statement for diffusion of gases?

1.	Diffusion of O₂ and CO₂from A to B or B to A takes place with the same rate.
2.	O₂ will diffuse faster from A to B than CO₂from B to A
3.	Only O₂ will diffuse from A to B not CO₂from B to A
4.	Only CO₂ will diffuse from B to A, not O₂from A to B

68.

Read the following four statements (a-d) and select the option which includes all correct ones only :-

(a)	Exchange of O₂ and CO₂ at alveoli and tissue occur by active transport.
(b)	Long exposure to industrial dust leads to inflammation leading to fibrosis and thus causing serious lung damage.
(c)	EICM and IICM are muscles actively involved in normal and forced breathing respectively.
(d)	Spirometer is unable to find out the functional residual capacity and total lung capacity.

1. b, c and d
2. b and d
3. a, b and d
4. a, b, c and d

69.

Which of the following can alter respiratory
mechanism?
1. Pneumotaxic centre in the pons region of the brain.
2. Chemosensitive area in the medulla.
3. Mid brain.
4. Both 1 and 2.

70.

In the given diagram, the respiratory center that moderates the functions of the rhythm center is shown by the letter:

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. Such center is not shown in the diagram

71.

Select the incorrectly matched pair

1.	Additional volume of air person can expire by a forceful expiration	Expiratory reserve volume
2.	Maximum amount of air expelled forcefully from lungs after maximum forceful inspiration	Vital capacity
3.	Volume of air inspired and expired during a normal respiration	Tidal volume
4.	When a person breathes normally, the amount of air which remains in the lungs after normal expiration	Residual volume

72.

Which of the following statements are correct with respect to transportation of gases?
A. Blood transport ${CO}_{2}$ comparatively easily because of its higher solubility
B. ${CO}_{2}$ diffuses into blood, passes into RBCs and reacts with water to form $H_{2} {CO}_{3}$
C. 20-25 percent ${CO}_{2}$ is carried by haemoglobin as carbamino-haemoglobin
D. Oxyhaemoglobin of erythrocytes is basic in nature and it increases pH of blood
1. A only
2. A & B only
3. A, B & C only
4. A, B, C & D

73.

The diffusion membrane or respiratory membrane does not include
1. Thin squamous epithelium
2. Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
3. Endothelium
4. Basement membrane

74.

Conducting part of the respiratory system extends from
1. Trachea to bronchi
2. External nostrils to trachea
3. External nostrils to terminal bronchioles
4. External nostrils to alveolar ducts

75.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding ${CO}_{2}$ $and$ $O_{2}$ transport in blood ?
1. 100 ml of oxygenated blood carries 53 ml of $O_{2}$
2. 100 ml of blood always transport equal amounts of $O_{2}$ $and$ ${CO}_{2}$
3. 100 ml of oxygenated blood delivers more $O_{2}$ than ${CO}_{2}$ to the tissues
4. $O_{2}$ $and$ ${CO}_{2}$ are both maximally transported through the blood plasma

76.

Given below are the partial pressures (in mmHg) of oxygen and carbondioxide at different parts involved in diffusion in comparison to those in atmosphere.

Respiratory gas	O₂	CO₂
Atmospheric air	159	A
Alveoli	B	40
Body (deoxygenated)	40	C
Blood (Oxygenated)	D	40
Tissues	40	45

Choose the correct option with respect to the values of partial pressures (in mmHg) marked as A, B, C and D

	A	B	C	D
1.	0.3	104	40	52
2.	32	116	45	45
3.	0.3	104	45	95
4.	32	116	45	95

77.

Carbon dioxide generated in the tissue is carried in venous blood primarily as
1. Dissolved gas in plasma
2. Carbamino hemoglobin
3. Sodium bicarbonate in venous blood
4. Potassium bicarbonate in venous blood

78.

Given below are four statements A-D each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks in two statements.
A. Healthy man can inspire or expire approximately $(i)$ ml of air per minute.
B. Inspiratory reserve volume average $(i)$ ml.
C. Residual volume averages $(i)$ ml.
D. Volume of air accumulated in the lungs at the end of forced inspiration is $(i)$ .
Options :
1. A - (i) 500 ml,
B - (i) 2500 to 3000 ml
2. B - (i) 2500 to 3000 ml,
C - (i) 1000 ml to 1100 ml
3. C - (i) 1000 ml to 1100 ml
D - (i) Vital capacity
4. A - (i) 6000 to 8000 ml
D - (i) Vital capacity + residual volume

79.

How much carbon dioxide is delivered by 5 L of deoxygenated blood to the alveoli?
1. 200 ml
2. 400 ml
3. 100 ml
4. 300 ml

80.

How many of the following statements are correct?
a. Normal exhalation during quiet breathing in an active process involving intensive muscle contraction.
b. Air flow during breathing is due to pressure gradient between the lungs and atmospheric air.
c. A specialised centre present in the medulla region of the brain called respiratory rhythm centre is primarily responsible for regulation of respiration,
d. Respiratory rate decreases during fever.
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. Four

81.

Why the partial pressure of ${CO}_{2}$ is high at tissue-site?
1. Due to the saturation of $O_{2}$ with Hb
2. Release of $H^{+}$ at the tissue site
3. Due to metabolism
4. Due to the dissociation of ${HbO}_{2}$

82.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the pulmonary artery is
1. More than that in tissues
2. Equal to that in systemic arteries
3. Less than that in alveoli
4. Equal to that in the systemic vein

83.

Choose the correct sequence during expiration
(i) Pressure increases in pulmonary cavity
(ii) Volume of thoracic cavity decreases
(iii) Expulsion of air from high pressure to low pressure
(iv) Decrease in volume of pulmonary cavity

1. i $\to$ ii $\to$ iii $\to$ iv
2. iv $\to$ i $\to$ iii $\to$ ii
3. ii $\to$ iv $\to$ i $\to$ iii
4. iii $\to$ iv $\to$ i $\to$ ii

84.

Which one of the following is incorrect with respect to pulmonary volumes?
1. VC = ERV + IC
2. FRC = RV + EC
3. TLC = IC + FRC
4. IC = TV + IRV

85. Identify the incorrectly matched pair:

1.	Tidal volume in a healthy human adult	About 500 ml
2.	Partial pressure of oxygen in oxygenated blood	159 mm Hg
3.	Resting respiratory rate in a healthy adult	12 to 16 per minute
4.	Percent of carbon dioxide transported as bicarbonate in the blood	70

Zoology - Section B

86. In breathing:

1.	Contraction of internal costal muscles leads to inhalation
2.	Contraction of diaphragm increases the volume of thoracic chamber in dorso-ventral axis
3.	Inspiration occurs when there is a negative pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure
4.	The residual volume of the lungs averages 2500 ml to 3000 ml

87.
Given below are two statements:

Assertion (A):	Larynx is also known as soundbox.
Reason (R):	Larynx is a cartilaginous box which helps in sound production.

1.	Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is true but (R) is false.
4.	Both (A) and (R) are false.

88.
Given below are two statements:

Assertion (A):	High pCO₂, low pH and high temperature shift the oxygen dissociation curve to left.
Reason (R):	High pCO₂, low H⁺ concentration and high temperature cause the dissociation of oxygen from oxyhaemoglobin.

1.	Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is true but (R) is false.
4.	Both (A) and (R) are false.

89. Every 2000 mL of oxygenated blood can deliver around _______ of O₂ to the tissues under normal physiological conditions.
Select the option that correctly fills the blank.
1. 10 mL
2. 100 mL
3. 1000 L
4. 1 L

90. Choose the odd one w.r.t. disorders of respiratory system
1. Pernicious anaemia
2. Silicosis
3. Asbestosis
4. Asthma

91. Which of the following conditions lower affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen?
1. High pH, high $pCO_2$ and low temperature
2. Low pH, high  $pCO_2$ and high temperature
3. Low pH, low  $pCO_2$ and low temperature
4. High pH, low  $pCO_2$ and high temperature

92. Inspiration occurs when intra-pulmonary pressure is
1. Higher than atmospheric pressure
2. Lower than atmospheric pressure
3. Equal to atmospheric pressure
4. Zero compared to atmospheric pressure

93. Partial pressure for oxygen and $CO_2$ is represented as
1. $pO$ and $pCO$
2. $P_o \text {and}~ P_{CO_2}$
3. $pO_2 ~\text {and} ~pCO_2$
4. $O_2p ~\text {and} ~CO_2p$

94. Which factors affect the dissociation of $O_2$ from Hb?
1. $pH, pO_2, pCO_2$ and temperature
2. Only pH
3. Salinity, temperature and $pCO_2$
4. $HCO^-_3$ ion concentration, pH and salinity ]
\

95. High percentage of $CO_2$ is transported in dissolved form as compared to $O_2$. This id because
1. $O_2$ has high solubility in plasma
2. $CO_2$ has high solubility in plasma
3. $pCO_2$ is high in blood than $pO_2$
4. $CO_2$ has low solubility in plasma

96. Which substances when present in high level can activate the chemosensitive area present adjacent to rhythm centre?
1. $CO_2$ and $O_2$
2. $HCO^-_3$ ions and $O_2$
3. $pCO_2$ and $H^+$ ions
4. $H^+$ and $HCO^-_3$ ions

97. Match column-A with column-B and select the correct option

	Column-A		Column-B
a.	Medulla oblongata	(i)	Chemoreceptors
b.	Pons varolii	(ii)	'Switch-off' centre for breathing
c.	Aortic arch and cartid arch	(iii)	Normal respiratory rhythm centre

1. a(ii), b(iii), c(i)
2. a(ii), b(i), c(iii)
3. a(iii), b(ii), c(i)
4. a(iii), b(i), c(ii)

98. Which instrument helps in clinical assessment of pulmonary functions?
1. Sphygmomanometer
2. Stethoscope
3. Spirometer
4. Electrocardiograph

99. Diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscular structure which separates
1. Coelomic cavity from pelvic cavity
2. Pleural cavity from thoracic cavity
3. Thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity
4. Pelvic cavity from abdominal cavity

100. Which are the three main layers that form the diffusion membrane?
1. Thin squamous epithelium of alveoli basement membrane of bronchioles and basement substance
2. Thin squamous epithelium of alveoli, endothelium of alveolar capillaries and the basement substance
3. Basement substance cuboidal epithelium of alveoli and stratified epithelium of bronchiole
4. Ciliated epithelium of trachea, endothelium of capillaries and basement substance

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