Custom Practice Test

Biology-I-Section-A

1. Cytochrome c in the mitochondrial ETS is located:

1.	within the inner mitochondrial membrane
2.	on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane
3.	on the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane
4.	in the mitochondrial matrix

2. In aerobic respiration, passing on of the electrons removed as part of the hydrogen atoms to molecular O₂ with simultaneous synthesis of ATP, is associated with:
1. Outer mitochondrial membrane
2. Inner mitochondrial membrane
3. Mitochondrial matrix
4. Cytosol

3.

Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and select the correct match from the codes given:

	Column I [Type of cellular respiration]		Column II [terminal electron acceptor]
A	Aerobic	P	Inorganic molecule other than oxygen
B	Anaerobic	Q	Oxygen
C	Fermentation	R	Organic molecule

Codes:

	A	B	C
1.	R	Q	P
2.	Q	P	R
3.	Q	R	P
4.	P	Q	R

4. Identify the number of correct statements regarding glycolysis:

I:	It occurs in virtually all cells
II:	It is also called as HMP pathway
III:	It occurs in the cytosol
IV:	It is the only process in respiration in anaerobic organisms

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

5. Oxidation of acetyl CoA via the TCA cycle requires:

I:	the continued replenishment of oxaloacetic acid.
II:	the regeneration of NAD⁺ and FAD.

1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Neither I nor II are correct
4. Both I and II are correct

6. A molecule of GTP is synthesized in Krebs cycle during:
1. the condensation of acetyl group with oxaloacetic acid
2. isomerization of citrate to isocitrate
3. the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinic acid
4. the regeneration of oxaloacetic acid

7. It is possible to make calculations of the net gain of ATP for every glucose molecule oxidised; but in reality this can remain only a theoretical exercise. These calculations can be made only on certain assumptions including all the following except:

1.	There is a sequential, orderly pathway functioning, with one substrate forming the next and with glycolysis, TCA cycle and ETS pathway following one after another.
2.	The NADH synthesised in glycolysis does not get transferred into the mitochondria and does not undergo oxidative phosphorylation.
3.	None of the intermediates in the pathway are utilised to synthesise any other compound.
4.	Only glucose is being respired – no other alternative substrates are entering in the pathway at any of the intermediary stages.

8. All the following regarding glycolysis are true except:

1.	It is often referred to as the EMP pathway.
2.	In anaerobic organisms, it is the only process in respiration.
3.	Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is present in all living organisms.
4.	In glycolysis, glucose undergoes reduction to form two molecules of pyruvic acid.

9. The reactions catalysed by pyruvic dehydrogenase in aerobic respiration require the participation of several coenzymes, including:

I:	FAD
II:	NAD⁺
III:	Coenzyme A.

1. Only I
2. Only II and III
3. Only III
4. Only I and II

10. During oxidation within a cell, all the energy contained in respiratory substrates:
1. is released free into the cell
2. is released in a single step
3. is released in a series of slow stepwise reactions
4. gets converted to usable energy

11. Carbon dioxide is released during:
1. Lactic acid fermentation
2. Ethanol fermentation
3. Glycolysis
4. Hydrolysis of starch into glucose

12. A eukaryotic cell respires aerobically and uses glucose as the respiratory substrate. Which of the following steps in the process will take place in the cytoplasm of the cell?
1. glycolysis
2. Krebs cycle
3. electron transport system
4. transition reaction

13. The correct chronology of steps of formation of the given metabolites in TCA cycle is:

1.	Isocitrate – Citrate – Succinyl CoA – α ketoglutarate
2.	Citrate – Isocitrate – Succinyl CoA – α ketoglutarate
3.	Citrate – Isocitrate – α ketoglutarate – Succinyl CoA
4.	Isocitrate – Citrate – α ketoglutarate – Succinyl CoA

14. Glycolysis results in the production of:

I:	pyruvate
II:	ATP
III:	NADH

1. Only I and II
2. Only I and III
3. Only II and III
4. I, II and III

15. What acts as the terminal electron acceptor when glucose is completely oxidised inside a cell in the presence of oxygen?

1.	Hydrogen sulphide	2.	Water
3.	Oxygen	4.	Pyruvic acid

16. Humankind has benefited from fermentation products, but from the yeast's point of view, alcohol and carbon dioxide are just waste products. As yeast continues to grow and metabolize sugar, the accumulation of alcohol becomes toxic and eventually kills the cells at a concentration of about:
1.   5 %
2.   13 %
3.   23 %
4.   50 %

17. The net number of ATP and NADH molecules produced because of glycolysis of one glucose molecule respectively will be:
1. 2 and 2
2. 2 and 4
3. 4 and 2
4. 4 and 4

18. In the Citric acid cycle the reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH + H⁺ takes place at all the following steps except:
1. Conversion of Citric acid to α-ketoglutaric acid
2. Conversion of α-ketoglutaric acid to Succinyl CoA
3. Conversion of Malic acid to Oxaloacetic acid
4. Conversion of Succinic acid to Fumaric acid

19. Oxidation of one molecule of NADH gives rise to ____ molecules of ATP, while that of one molecule of FADH₂ produces _____ molecules of ATP.

1.	3 and 2 respectively	2.	2 and 3 respectively
3.	1 and 2 respectively	4.	2 and 1 respectively

20. In cellular respiration, oxygen is directly used in:

1.	Glycolysis	2.	Fermentation
3.	Krebs cycle	4.	Electron transport

21.

When a molecule of pyruvic acid undergoes lactic acid fermentation then

1.	3 ATP are lost	2.	1 ATP is lost
3.	6 ATP are lost	4.	2 ATP are gained

22. In a eukaryotic plant cell, within a mitochondrion, the proton gradient develops across the:
1. Inter-membrane space
2. Inner membrane
3. Outer membrane
4. Matrix

23. Consider the given statements:

I:	ATP synthase is complex V of the mitochondrial ETS.
II:	F₀ component of ATP synthase forms the channel through which protons cross the inner membrane.
III:	For the production of ATP, the passage of protons through the channel is coupled to the catalytic site of the F₁ component of ATP synthase.

1. Only I is correct
2. Only II and III are correct
3. I, II and III are correct
4. I, II and III are incorrect

24. Sucrose is converted into glucose and fructose by the enzyme:
1. Lactase
2. Zymase
3. Diastase
4. Invertase

25. During a turn of the Krebs cycle during aerobic cellular respiration, all the following will be produced:

I:	carbon dioxide
II:	ATP
III:	water

1.	Only I and II	2.	Only I and III
3.	Only II and III	4.	I, II and III

26. Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and select the correct match from the codes given:

	Column I [Respiratory substrate]		Column II [RQ Value]
A	Carbohydrates	P	1
B	Proteins	Q	0.9
C	Tripalmitin	R	More than 1
D	Organic acids	S	0.7

Codes:

	A	B	C	D
1.	Q	P	R	S
2.	Q	P	S	R
3.	P	Q	R	S
4.	P	Q	S	R

27. Consider the two statements:

Statement I:	Fatty acids would be broken down to acetyl CoA before entering the respiratory pathway when it is used as a substrate.
Statement II:	When the organism needs to synthesise fatty acids, acetyl CoA would be withdrawn from the respiratory pathway for it.

1. Statement I is correct: Statement II is incorrect
2. Statement I is correct: Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is incorrect: Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement I is incorrect: Statement II is correct

28. Conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose is catalyzed by:

1.	Phosphofructokinase	2.	Aldolase
3.	Hexokinase	4.	Invertase

29. Consider the given two statements:

Assertion (A):	ATP acts as the energy currency of the cell.
Reason (R):	ATP is a ribonucleoside triphosphate.

1.	Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A).
2.	(A) is True but (R) is False.
3.	Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A).
4.	(A) is False but (R) is True.

30.

During the conversion of succinyl CoA to succinic acid in TCA cycle:
1. One molecule of ATP is directly synthesized
2. ${NAD}^{+}$ is reduced
3. FAD is reduced
4. One molecule of GTP is synthesized

31. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R):

Assertion (A):	The maximum concentration of alcohol in beverages that are naturally fermented with yeast is about 13%.
Reason (R):	In alcohol fermentation, yeast converts pyruvic acid to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1.	Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is True but (R) is False.
4.	Both (A) and (R) are False.

32. Yeasts carry out ethanol fermentation but poison themselves to death when the concentration of alcohol reaches about:

1.	5 per cent.	2.	13 per cent.
3.	20 per cent.	4.	45 per cent.

33. The number of points in the TCA cycle where FAD⁺ is reduced to FADH₂ is/are:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

34. Consider the two statements:

Assertion (A):	It is better to consider the respiratory pathway as an amphibolic pathway rather than as a catabolic one.
Reason (R):	The respiratory pathway is involved in both anabolism and catabolism.

1.	Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3.	(A) is True but (R) is False.
4.	Both (A) and (R) are False.

35. Glycerol enters the respiratory catabolic pathway after being converted to:
1. PGAL
2. Fructose
3. Pyruvate
4. Acetyl CoA

Biology-I-Section-B

36. What is number of net ATP molecules gained during fermentation of one glucose molecule in human muscle cells?
1. 2
2. 4
3. 6
4. 10

37.

Consider the given two statements:

Assertion (A):	Carbon dioxide is not produced in glycolysis.
Reason (R):	Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that does not require oxygen.

1.	(A) is True but (R) is False
2.	Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A)
3.	Both (A) and (R) are True and but (R) does not correctly explain (R)
4.	(A) is False but (R) is True

38. Consider the given two statements:

Statement I:	Acetyl-CoA, is the starting point for the citric acid cycle.
Statement II:	Acetyl-CoA may also be obtained from the oxidation of fatty acids.

1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
2. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect

39. The reaction 2 in the given figure is catalysed by the enzyme:

1. Pyruvate decarboxylase
2. Pyruvate kinase
3. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
4. Pyruvate synthetase

40. Which enzyme/s takes part in both mitochondrial ETS and Kreb’s cycle?

I:	NADH dehydrogenase
II:	Succinate dehydrogenase
III:	Isocitrate dehydrogenase

1. Only II
2. Only I and II
3. Only III
4. I, II and III

41. In the Complex I of mitochondrial ETS, electrons from NADH are first passed on to:
1. Fe-S
2. FMN
3. FAD
4. Cu_a

42. Identify the correct combination of A, B and C involved in lactic acid fermentation
$\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_6 \rightarrow \mathrm{A}+\mathrm{B} \rightarrow \text { Lactic acid }+\mathrm{C}$

	A	B	C
1.	2NADH + H⁺	2NAD+	Pyruvic acid
2.	2NADH + H⁺	Pyruvic acid	2NAD+
3.	Pyruvic acid	2NADH + H⁺	2NAD+
4.	Pyruvic acid	2NAD+	2NADH + H⁺

43. The number of ATP molecules produced from a molecule of FADH₂ during aerobic cellular respiration is:

1.	2	2.	3
3.	4	4.	18

44. Consider the given two statements:

Assertion (A):	The total ATP yield in ethanol or lactic acid fermentation is only 2 molecules coming from glycolysis.
Reason (R):	In fermentation, pyruvate is not transferred to the mitochondrion and finally oxidized to the carbon dioxide, but reduced to ethanol or lactic acid in the cytoplasm.

1.	Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains the (A).
2.	Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain the (A).
3.	(A) is True, (R) is False.
4.	Both (A) and (R) are False

45. The number of carbon atoms in all the following molecules is 4 except in:

1.	α ketoglutaric acid	2.	Oxaloacetic acid
3.	Succinic acid	4.	Malic acid

46. Where are the carriers for the mitochondrial electron transport system located?
1. within the cytoplasm of a cell
2. on the cristae of mitochondria
3. within the matrix of mitochondria
4. on the outer membrane

47. In aerobic cellular respiration oxygen acts as the:
I: final acceptor of electrons
II: final proton acceptor
1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II

48. The reduced ubiquinone (ubiquinol) in the mitochondrial ETS is oxidised with the transfer of electrons to:
1. cytochrome c via succinic dehydrogenase
2. cytochrome c via cytochrome bc₁complex
3. cytochrome bc₁ via cytochrome aa₃
4. cytochrome bc₁ via cytochrome b₆f

49. The process of ‘cellular respiration’ functions in:

1.	exchange of respiratory gases between cells and their environment
2.	making ATP, the usable chemical energy
3.	getting rid of glucose
4.	transport of gases of importance, to and from the cells

50. During glycolysis, an ATP molecule is synthesised during the conversion of:

I:	BPGA to 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)
II:	PEP to pyruvic acid

1. Only I
2. Only II
3. Both I and II
4. Neither I nor II

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