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During muscle contraction, the length of all the following gets reduced except :
1. H-zone
2. A-band
3. I-band
4. Sacromere

The human ribs are termed as bicephalic because :
1. They have two articulations surfaces on their ventral end
2. They have two articulations surfaces on their dorsal end
3. They have two articulations surfaces on their ventral end and two on dorsal end
4. They have two articulations surfaces on their ventral end and one on dorsal end

Identify the incorrectly matched pair :

The combination of a neuron and the muscle fiber it associates with is called a/an ____
1. fascicle
2. motor end plate
3. motor unit
4. myoneural junction

The upper ends of the forearm bones articulate with each other in a :
1. pivot joint
2. ellipsoid joint
3. saddle joint
4. hinge joint

Lack of relaxation between successive stimuli in sustained muscle contraction is known as
1. fatigue
2. tetanus
3. tonus
4. spasm

Sliding filament theory can be best explained as
1. when myofilaments slide pass each other actin filaments shorten while myosin filament do not shorten
2. actin and myosin filaments shorten and slide pass each other 
3. actin and myosin filaments do not shorten but rather slide pass each other 
4. when myofilament slide pass each other myosin filament shorten while actin filaments do not shorten

The process by which most of the cartilaginous tissue is transformed into bones is 
1. endochondrial ossification
2. intermembranous ossification
3. calcification
4. none of the above

If a stimulus, several times greater than the threshold stimulus is provided to a muscle fibre, it will
1. contract with a larger force
2. contract with a smaller force
3. contract with a same force
4. undergo tetany

An example of stretch reflex triggered by passive muscle movement is the 
1. tendon reflex
2. ipsilateral reflex
3. flexor reflex
4. patellar reflex

Gerdy fibres are 
1. ligament of neck
2. ligament of ankles 
3. ligament of palm
4. ligament of  face

Oxygen content reduction makes the glycolyse (glycogenesis) intensity increased due to 
1. increase of ADP concentration in cell
2. increase of NAD+ concentration in cell
3. increase in ATP concentration in cell
4. increase of concentration of peroxides and free radicals

The action potential that triggers a muscle contraction travels deep within the muscle cell by means of :
1. sarcoplasmic reticulum
2. transverse tubules
3. synapse  
4. motor end plates

A motor unit is best described as :
1. All the nerve fibres and muscle fibres in a single muscle bundle
2. One muscle fibre and its single nerve fibre
3. A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibres that it innervates
4. It is the neuron which carries the message from muscle ot CNS

Put the following phrases in proper order to describe what occurs at the neuromuscular junction to trigger muscle contraction:

1. II, IV, I, VI, VII, III, V
2. II, IV, VI, I, VII, III, V
3. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII
4. VII, VI, V, IV, III, II, I

Pelvic girdle (hip girdle ) is composed _____coxal (hip) bones.
1. 3
2. 2
3. 4
4. 5

Assertion : Muscle twitch is related with tetanus
Reason : Tetanus is caused by many nerve impulses at a time

Assertion : Ball and socket joints are the most mobile joints 
Reason : Synovial fluid is present here

Assertion : Triceps is said to be an extensor muscle for elbow joint
Reason : Triceps relaxes durings extension of forearm at the elbow joint 

Which of the following statements is wrong ?
1. Movement is one of the significant features of living beings 
2. Streaming of protoplasm in the unicellular organisms like Ameoba is a simple form of movement 
3. Animals and plants exhibit a wide range of movements 
4. Movement of cilia, flagella and tantacles is limited to lower organisms 

Which of the following holds all the muscle bundle together in a muscle ?
1. Fascia
2. Collegenous connective tissue layer
3. Cartilage 
4. Both A and B

Actin and Myosin in muscle fibril are arranged 
1. Parallel to each other and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the myofibrils
2. Perpendicular to each other and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the myofibrils
3. Parallel to each and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the myofibrils 
4. Perpendicular to each other perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the myofibrils

How many filament are there in thin filament  ?
1. Two actin filaments and two tropomyosin filaments
2. Two actin filaments and one tropomyosin filaments
3. One actin filament and one tropomyosin
4. One actin and two tropomyosin filament

Subunit of troponin masks the 
1. Active binding sites for myosin on actin 
2. Active binding sites for actin on Myosin
3. in resting state, active binding sites for Myosin on actin
4. In resting state, active binding sites for actin on Myosin

The HMM of muscle fibre has not got 
1. Head
2. Short arm
3. Tail 
4. Both B and C

The binding of calcium to troponin actually indicates
1. Unmasking of Myosin binding site over meromyosin
2. Unmasking of Myosin binding site over actin
3. Unmasking of actin binding site over myosin
4. Unmasking of actin binding site over tropolosin

____ projects outwards at regular ____ from each other from the surface of polymerised Myosin filaments and is also known as ___
1. Head and short arm, angle, cross arm
2. Head and short arm, distance, cross arm
3. Both A and B
4. Head and short arm, distance, LMM

Which of the following step during sliding Filament theory is the last step before relaxing state ?
1. ATP utilization
2. Release of ADP and inorganic phosphate
3. Cross bridge formation
4. Binding of calcium with troponin

Which of the following statements is incorrect ?
1. A new ATP binds and cross bridge is broken with next cycle of contraction
2. The process of contraction continues till the calcium ions are pumped back to the sarcoplasmic cisternae and resulting in unmasking of actin filaments 
3. The reaction time of the fibres can vary in different muscles 
4. Both 1 and 3

Which of the following is a cranial bone and is not single in number ?
1. Parietal bone
2. Temporal bone
3. Ethmoid bone
4. Both 1 and 2

Which of the following can not be true ?
1. All the mammals have seven cervical vertebrae
2. Vertebral column protects the spinal cord, supports the head
3. Vertebral coulmn serves as the point of attachment for the ribs and musculature 
4. Sternum is a flat bone on the ventral midline of thorax

Which of the following is wrong ?
1. Force generated by muscle is used to carry out movement through joints 
2. The movability of joints vary depending on different factor
3. Joints have been classified into three major functional forms
4. Both 2 and 3

Which of the following seen in Gout ?
1. Inflammation of joints due to accumulatiton of uric acid crystals
2. Inflammation of bones due to accumulatiton of uric acid crystals
3. Inflammation of joints due to accumulatiton of calcium
4.Inflammation of joints due to accumulatiton of estrogens

Contractile unit of muscle is part of myofibril between
1. Z-line and I-band
2. Z-line and Z-line
3. Z-line and A-band
4. A-band and I-band

A sarcomere consists of 
1. One A-band and one I-band
2. Half A-band and two half I-band
3. Half A-band and one I-band
4. One A-band and two half I-band

The monomeric protein which polymerises to form myosin is 
1. Actin 
2. Meromyosin
3. Tropomyosin
4. Troponin

Type of vertebrae in case of human is 
1. Amphiplatyan
2. Procoelus
3. Amphicoelus
4. Heterocoelus 

Cori cycle involves
1. Liver
2. Muscles 
3. Liver and muscles both 
4. None of these

Phalangeal formula for the hand is 
1. 23333
2. 33333
3. 33322
4. 32333

What would happen if ATP suddenly were not available after the sarcomere had started to shorten ?
1. Cross bridges would not be able to detach from actin
2. Muscle would remain in a state if rigidity
3. Muscle would relax immediately
4. Both 1 and 2

Which of the following is not applicable to red muscle fibres when compared to white muscle fibres ?
1. Sustained contraction for long periods
2. Rich in myoglobin
3. Faster in contraction rate
4. Rich in mitochondria

Stimulation of muscle fiber by a motor neuron occurs at
1. The neuromuscular junction
2. The transverse tubules
3. The myofibril
4. The sarcoplasmic reticulum

Number of anterior curves present with human vertebral column is
1. 2
2. 4
3. 6
4. 1

One of the following ions is essential for muscular contraction
1. ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}, {\mathrm{Ca}}^{++}$
2. ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{++}, {\mathrm{Ca}}^{++}$
3. ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{++}, {\mathrm{K}}^{+}$
4. ${\mathrm{K}}^{+},{\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$

80 % of the lactic acis is converted to ____ in the liver 
1. Cellulose
2. Acetyl CoA
3. Glycogen
4. Starch

The sheath covering the bundle of muscle fibres is
1. Epimysium
2. Endomysium
3. Perimysium
4. Mesoderm

Which bone is keystone of the cranial floor ?
1. Parietal
2. Occipital
3. Sphenoid
4. Frontal

Anaerobic work becomes painful due to accumulation of
1. Ca²⁺ ions
2. Myosin
3. Lactic acid
4. Creatine phosphate