The endosperm of a gymnosperm develops _______ fertilization, whereas the endosperm of an angiosperm develops _________ fertilization.

(1) before, before

(2) after, after

(3) after, before

(4) before, after

The life cycle is not haplo-diplontic in:

1. Bryophytes

2. Pteridophytes

3. Polysiphonia

4. Fucus

Both bryophytes and pteridophytes:

1. are vascular cryptogams

2. have a dominant sporophyte

3. reproduce only sexually

4. are haplo-diplontic

The life cycle pattern shown in the given diagram is not seen in:

1. Chlamydomanas

2. Spirogyra

3. Volvox

4. Ectocarpus

Zygotic meiosis is characteristic of

(1) Marchantia

(2) Fucus

(3) Funaria

(4) Chlamydomonas