Natural selection operates on the _______ of an individual organism.
1. | survival | 2. | environment |
3. | genotype | 4. | phenotype |
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Stabilizing selection acts to _________ in a species' population.
1. elaborate new traits
2. alter traits
3. push for directional change
4. maintain a certain phenotype
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Gene flow is :
1. the migration of species populations to new areas
2. the exchange of genes during fertilization
3. mating between close relatives
4. the movement of genes between species populations
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Genetic drift is :
1. | random changes in gene frequency in a population |
2. | generational fluctuations in gene frequencies that produce no effect |
3. | changes due to interbreeding with other species populations |
4. | the effect of mutations as they spread through neighbouring populations |
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Genetic drift is most powerful in
1. changing environments
2. small populations
3. large populations
4. stable environments
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The concept of genetic bottlenecks includes which of the following?
1. | a loss of genetic diversity in descendent populations |
2. | extensive gene flow |
3. | sharing of genetic material between two populations |
4. | increased ability to resist new diseases |
Which statement most accurately reflects what population geneticists refer to as "fitness"?
1. | Fitness is the measure of an organism's adaptability to various habitats. |
2. | Fitness reflects the number of mates each individual in the population selects. |
3. | Fitness refers to the relative health of each individual in the population. |
4. | Fitness is a measure of the contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation. |
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Organisms that are least likely to experience extinction over the long term are most likely to be found in:
1. | areas inhabited by humans | 2. | very stable habitats |
3. | desert | 4. | savanna |
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Which one of the following would cause the Hardy-Weinberg principle to be inaccurate?
1. | The size of the population is very large. |
2. | Individuals mate with one another at random. |
3. | Natural selection is present. |
4. | There is no source of new copies of alleles from outside the population. |
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Which one of the following populations would most quickly lead to two groups with few shared traits?
1. | a population with disruptive selection |
2. | a population with directional selection |
3. | a population with stabilizing selection |
4. | a population with no selection |