Consider the two trends in evolution of plants:

I. A reduction of vascular tissues occurs from gymnosperms and woody dicots to herbaceous dicots to monocots
II. The gametophytes of vascular plants have become smaller and simpler

1. Both I and II are correct
2. Only I is correct
3. Only II is correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect

Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and select the correct answer from the codes given:

Codes
   A B C
1. a b c
2. b c a
3. b a c
4. a c b

The seed of a gymnosperm is a complex structure with three generations locked up in it. Identify the correct match:

I. Female gametophyte: Old generation
II. Seed coat: Present generation
III. Embryo: Future generation

1. Only I
2. Only III
3. Only I and II
4. Only II and III

Which of the following is not true for the green alga Spirogyra?
1. Unbranched, filamentous and commonly found in stagnant fresh water bodies.
2. The filament is composed of large number of long, cylindrical cells placed one above the other in a single row.
3. The cells are characterised by long spiral ribbon-shaped chloroplasts with several pyrenoids.
4. There are multiple small vacuoles in each cell.

Identify the incorrect statement regarding Marchantia?
1. Thallus is dorsiventrally flat.
2. Thallus is dichotomously lobed, with an apical notch in each lobe.
3. There is a dark median furrow called mid-rib on the dorsal side that extends into each lobe.
4. Small cup-like structures called gemma cups are borne on the ventral surface of the thallus.

Identify the correct statement regarding Marchantia:

The description of which of the following features of reproductive structures of Funaria is correct?

I. Reproductive organs are borne on separate branches of the same thallus
II. Antheridia are club shaped
III. Archegonia are flask shaped

1. I and II only
2. I and III only
3. II and III only
4. I, II and III

All the following regarding Dryopteris are true except:
1. Involute vernation
2. Obliquely growing subterranean rhizome
3. Large compound leaves called fronds
4. Hair like ramenta covering petiole

In Cycas:

I. Micro sporophylls bear two elongated sac like structures at the base on the ventral side called pollen sacs.
II. Pollen grains are winged.
III. Megasporophylls are compact when young but spread apart when mature.
IV. Each megasporophyll has (a) bract scale and (b) ovuliferous scale which bears 2 ovules on the ventral side.

1. Only I, II and III are correct
2. Only I, III and IV are correct
3. Only II, III and IV are correct
4. I, II III and IV are correct

Seeds make their appearance for the first time in gymnosperms. All the following factors are responsible for its development except:
1. Heterospory and differentiation of sporophylls and sporangia
2. Retention of megaspore within the megasporangium
3. Female gametophyte devoid of any integument
4. Development of young sporophyte within tissue of the megasporangium