Q. No.Penicillin used to be very effective against a large number of bacteria when introduced initially but now many bacteria have developed resistance to it. This is because:
1.
penicillin causes gene mutations, some of which are beneficial.
2.
previously resistant forms survived and reproduced better than non-resistant forms.
3.
the hospital environment inhibits competition among bacteria.
4.
penicillin triggers the synthesis of resistant proteins.
The wings of birds, the forelegs of a horse, and the upper limbs of humans are:
| 1. | analogous structures | 2. | homologous structures |
| 3. | vestigial structures | 4. | phylogenetic structures |
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In some African populations, the frequency of the sickle cell allele in the human population is much higher than normal. This can be an example of:
| 1. | gene flow | 2. | heterozygote advantage |
| 3. | genetic drift | 4. | nonrandom mating |
If you visit Africa you will find an amazing variety of species of living organisms. But you will also notice that different parts of the continents have different biodiversity. This is because the different areas of Africa will have different:
| 1. | evolutionary mechanisms | 2. | ancestors |
| 3. | environments | 4. | evolutionary times |
Two mya, Australopithecines probably lived in:
1. Western Africa
2. Eastern African grasslands
3. South America
4. South East Asia
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Which of the following will not counter natural selection?
1. genetic drift
2. gene flow
3. mutation
4. Unlimited resources
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For differential success in reproduction, all the following must be present except:
| 1. | Gene flow between populations. |
| 2. | Variations must be genetically inherited. |
| 3. | Certain variations allow an individual to produce more offspring that survive in the next generation. |
| 4. | There must be variations in the phenotypes of individuals. |
Identify the correct statement:
| 1. | As the coacervates do not have lipid outer membranes and cannot reproduce, they alone could not have been the precursors of life. |
| 2. | The microspheres could not be induced to constrict but had a large amount of diversity. |
| 3. | The earliest life was probably not driven by solar energy as is seen today. |
| 4. | Protobionts cannot separate a combination of molecules from the surroundings or maintain an internal environment, but are able to reproduce. |
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Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding an evolutionary trend?
| 1. | It is the continuous change of a character within an evolving lineage. |
| 2. | The number of trends in any lineage is the same as the number of characters evolving. |
| 3. | A trend may be progressive or retrogressive. |
| 4. | Direction and speed of evolutionary trends in a lineage are universal throughout the family and are not subject to variations. |
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