Decomposition would be fast if the detritus contains-
a. Cellulose
b. Lignin and chitin
c. Nitrogen and water soluble sugars
d. Cellulose and pectin

Which of the following promotes the process of decomposition?
a. Warm and moist environment
b. low temperature
c. Anerobiosis
d. Lignin and chitin rich detritus

What is the source of energy for all ecosystems on Earth?
a. Sun
b. Hydrothermal vents
c. Lava
d. Both ‘a’ and ‘b’

What percentage of the incident solar radiation is photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)?
a. 50%
b. Less than 50%
c. More than 50%
d.10%

What proportion of the PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) is captured by plants?
a. 1 - 10%
b. 2 - 10%
c. 5 - 15%
d. 5 - 25%

Which of the following statement is incorrect?
a. Ecosystems are exempted from the Second Law of thermodynamics.
b. An ecosystem has a tendency toward increasing disorderliness.
c. Flow of energy is unidirectional from the sun to producers and then to consumers.
d. All organisms are dependent for their food on producers, either directly or indirectly

Which are the primary consumers in a grazing food chain?
a. Carnivores
b. Herbivores
c. Detrivores
d. Omnivores

What do secondary carnivores refer to?
a. Animals at second trophic level
b. Those animals that depend on the herbivores for food
c. Those animals that depend on the primary carnivores for food
d. Those animals that depend on the secondary herbivores for food

The detritus food chain (DFC) begins with________________. It is made up of decomposers which are ______________organisms, mainly________________. They meet their energy and nutrient requirements by degrading ______________.
a. detritus, heterotrophic, earthworm and dead organic matter.
b. dead organic matter, heterotrophic, fungi and bacteria, dead organic matter.
c. dead organic matter, autotrophic, fungi and plants, dead organic matter.
d. grass, heterotrophic, fungi and bacteria, dead organic matter.

What is the major conduit for energy flow in an aquatic ecosystem?
a. Grazing food chain
b. Detritus food chain
c. Sun
d. Hydrothermal vents