How do Lichens play a vital role in succession?
a. They grow in pollution free area
b. They secrete acids to dissolve rock, helping in weathering and soil formation.
c. They are symbiotic association between fungi and algae.
d. More than one options are correct.

What would be the order of plants in a xerarch succession?
a. Lichens, bryophytes, small annual plants, perennial herbs, grasses
b. Lichens, bryophytes, grasses, pernial herbs
c. Grasses, Lichens, bryophytes, herbs
d. Small annual plants, perennial herbs, grasses Lichens, bryophytes

In Hydrarch succession, the order of plant groups is-
a. Rooted-submerged plants, Phytoplanktons, rooted-floating angiosperms, reedswamp, scrub marsh-meadow,
b. Phytoplanktons, rooted-submerged plants, rooted-floating angiosperms, reedswamp, marsh-meadow, scrub
c. Phytoplanktons, rooted-submerged plants, rooted-floating angiosperms, scrub, reedswamp, marsh-meadow,
d. Phytoplanktons, rooted-floating angiosperms, rooted-submerged plants, reedswamp, marsh-meadow, scrub

In hydrarch succession, after the climax community is established, water body is converted into-
a. Pond
b. Land
c. Swamp
d. None of the above

What would be the climax of a hydrarch succession?
a. Grassland
b. Land
c. Forest
d. Reedswamp

Xerarch and Hydrarch succession leads to respective climax communities as follows-
a. Xeric and hydric
b. Hydric and xeric
c. Mesic and mesic
d. Xeric and mesic

Identify the stages of hydrarch succession.

                      A                                               B

a. Reed-swamp stage Mmarsh-meadow stage
b. Submerged plant stage Scrub stage
c. Reed-swamp stage Submerged plant stage
d. Scrub stage Marsh-meadow stage

The amount of nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, etc. present in the soil at any given time, is referred to as the -
a. Nutrient status of soil
b. Standing state
c. Standing crop
d. Mineral state.

Standing state does not vary in-
a. Different kinds of ecosystems
b. A seasonal basis
c. Different kinds of soil
d. Same kind of ecosystem.

Why does nutrients are never lost from the ecosystem?
a. Because they get transferred among various trophic levels.
b. Because they get recycled
c. Because they never get exhausted
d. Because they are required in very low quantity.