The energy equivalent of \(0.5~\text g\) of a substance is:
1. \(4.5\times10^{13}~\text J\) 
2. \(1.5\times10^{13}~\text J\) 
3. \(0.5\times10^{13}~\text J\) 
4. \(4.5\times10^{16}~\text J\) 

Two stable isotopes of lithium \(^{6}_{3}\mathrm{Li}\) and \(^{7}_{3}\mathrm{Li}\) have respective abundances of \(7.5\%\) and \(92.5\%\). These isotopes have masses \(6.01512~\text{u}\) and \(7.01600~\text{u}\), respectively. The atomic mass of lithium is:
1. \(6.940934~\text{u}\)
2. \(6.897643~\text{u}\)
3. \(7.863052~\text{u}\)
4. \(7.167077~\text{u}\)

The three stable isotopes of neon: ${}_{10}{}^{20}Ne, {}_{10}{}^{21}Ne, and {}_{10}{}^{22}Ne$ have respective abundances of 90.51%, 0.27%, and 9.22%. The atomic masses of the three isotopes are 19.99 u, 20.99 u, and 21.99 u, respectively. The average atomic mass of neon is:

1. 20.1709 u
2. 21.7037 u
3. 20.1771 u
4. 21.0097 u

What is the binding energy (in MeV) of a nitrogen nucleus ${}_7{}^{14}N$?

$\mathrm{Given},$
${\mathrm{m}}_{\mathrm{p}} = 1.007825 \mathrm{u}$
${\mathrm{m}}_{\mathrm{n}} = 1.008665 \mathrm{u}$
$\mathrm{m}\left({}_7{}^{14}\mathrm{N}\right) = 14.003074 u$

1. 102.7 MeV.
2. 100.7 MeV.
3. 104.7 MeV.
4. 108.7 MeV.

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of T years. How long will it take the activity to reduce to 3.125% of its original value?

1. T years.
2. 4T years.
3. 3T years.
4. 5T years.

What is the amount of ${}_{27}{}^{60}Co$ necessary to provide a radioactive source of 8.0 mCi strength? The half-life of ${}_{27}{}^{60}Co$ is 5.3 years.

1. $8.109\times {10}^{-6} g$
2. $7.106\times {10}^{-6} g$ 
3. $7.105\times {10}^{-5} g$
4. $8.107\times {10}^{-5} g$

A given coin has a mass of \(3.0~\text g.\) The nuclear energy required to separate all the neutrons and protons from each other will be:
(for simplicity assume that the coin is entirely made of \({}^{63}_{29}\mathrm{Cu}\) atoms of mass \(62.92960~\text u,\) the mass of proton \(m_p=1.00783~\text u,\) and the mass of neutron \(m_n=1.00867 ~\text u\))
1. \(2.5296\times10^{12}~\text{MeV}\)
2. \(1.581\times10^{25}~\text{MeV}\)  
3. \(3.1223\times10^{20}~\text{MeV}\)
4. \(931.02\times10^{19}~\text{MeV}\)

The amount of ${}_{27}{}^{60}Co$ necessary to provide a radioactive source of 8.0 mCi strength is:

(The half-life of ${}_{27}{}^{60}Co$ is 5.3 years)

1.  \(6.3\times10^{-6}\) g
2. \(7.1\times10^{-6}\) g
3. \(5.7\times10^{-6}\) g
4. \(6.9\times10^{-6}\) g

The half-life of ${}_{38}{}^{90}Sr$ is 28 years. What is the disintegration rate of 15 mg of this isotope?
1. \(9.64 \times 10^{10}~\mathrm{atoms} / \mathrm{s}\)
2. \(11.12 \times 10^{11}~\mathrm{atoms} / \mathrm{s}\)
3. \(7.87 \times 10^{10}~\mathrm{atoms}/ \mathrm{s}\)
4. \(10.04 \times 10^{11}~\mathrm{atoms}/ \mathrm{s}\)