Q. No.The increase in osmolarity from outer to inner medullary interstitium is maintained due to :
(i) Close proximity between Henle's loop and vasa recta
(ii) Counter current mechanism
(iii) Selective secretion of HCO3¯ and hydrogen ions in PCT
(iv) Higher blood pressure in glomerular capillaries
(1) Only(ii)
(2) (iii) and (iv)
(3) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(4) (i) and (ii)
Select the correct statement :
(1) Atrial Natriuretic Factor increases the blood pressure.
(2) Angiotensin II is a powerful vasodilator.
(3) Counter current pattern of blood flow is not observed in vasa recta.
(4) Reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate activates JG cells to release renin.
Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis?
| 1. | Reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone |
| 2. | Atrial natriuretic factor causes vasoconstriction |
| 3. | Decrease in the secretion of renin by JG cells |
| 4. | More water reabsorption due to under secretion of ADH |
Presence of which of the following conditions in urine is indicative of Diabetes mellitus:
1. Uremia and Renal Calculi
2. Ketonuria and Glycosuria
3. Renal Calculi and Hyperglycaemia
4. Uremia and Ketonuria
Identify the correct statement:
1. Both tadpole and frog are ammonotelic
2. Both tadpole and frog are ureotelic
3. Tadpole is ureotelic and frog is ammonotelic
4. Frog is ureotelic and tadpole is ammonotelic
Match the items in Column - I with those in Column - II:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (a) | Podocytes | (i) | Crystallised oxalate |
| (b) | Protonephridia | (ii) | Annelids |
| (c) | Nephridia | (iii) | Amphioxus |
| (d) | Renal calculi | (iv) | Filtration slits |
| (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
| 1. | (iii) | (iv) | (ii) | (i) |
| 2. | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) | (i) |
| 3. | (iv) | (iii) | (ii) | (i) |
| 4. | (iv) | (ii) | (iii) | (i) |
Match the following parts of a nephron with their function:
| (a) | Descending limb of Henle's loop | (i) | Reabsorption of salts only |
| (b) | Proximal convoluted tubule | (ii) | Reabsorption of water only |
| (c) | Ascending limb of Henle's loop | (iii) | Conditional reabsorption of sodium ions |
| (d) | Distal convoluted tubule | (iv) | Reabsorption of ions, water, and organic nutrients |
Select the correct option from the following:
| Options: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| 1. | i | iii | ii | iv |
| 2. | ii | iv | i | iii |
| 3. | i | iv | ii | iii |
| 4. | iv | i | iii | ii |
Use of an artificial kidney during hemodialysis may result in:
| (a) | Nitrogenous waste build-up in the body |
| (b) | Non-elimination of excess potassium ions |
| (c) | Reduced absorption of calcium ions from gastro-intestinal tract |
| (d) | Reduced RBC production |
Which of the following options is the most appropriate?
1. (a) and (d) are correct
2. (a) and (b) are correct
3. (b) and (c) are correct
4. (c) and (d) are correct
Which of the following factors is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine?
| 1. | Hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration. |
| 2. | Low levels of antidiuretic hormone. |
| 3. | Maintaining hyperosmolarity towards inner medullary interstitium in the kidneys. |
| 4. | Secretion of erythropoietin by Juxtaglomerular complex. |
Solenocytes are the main excretory structures in:
1. annelids
2. molluscs
3. echinodermates
4. Platyhelminthes
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