Which of the following statements regarding gymnosperms are correct?

I. Ovules are naked - not enclosed by any ovary wall before fertilisation but seeds that develop after fertilisation are covered.

II. In all living Gymnosperms, sporophyte is dominant over the gametophyte.

III. They are heterosporous.

IV. The male and female gametophytes do not have an independent existence.

1. I, II and III

2. I, III and IV

3. II, III and IV

4. I, II, III and IV

Which pair[s] is/are in incorrectly matched?

I. Phaeophyceae - Algin in cell wall

II. Chlorophyceae - Laminarin is stored food

III. Rhodophyceae - 2, unequal, lateral flagella

(1) Only II

(2) Only III

(3) I and II only

(4) II and III only

The gemmae produced by some liverworts function as:

1. A water gathering structure

2. A light capturing structure

3. A sexual structure

4. An asexual structure

All the following differentiate gymnosperms from the higher cryptogams except:

(1) Presence of an independent green gametophyte

(2) development of an ovule

(3) Formation of the pollen tube

(4) Presence of cambium

Heterosporous pteridophyte includes both:

1. Lycopodium and Equisetum

2. Selaginella and Salvinia

3. Psilotum and Phylloglossum

4. Selaginella and Equisetum

The life cycle is not haplo-diplontic in:

1. Bryophytes

2. Pteridophytes

3. Polysiphonia

4. Fucus

Asexaul reproduction by pear shaped biflagellate zoospores is seen in most:

1. Green algae

2. Brown algae

3. Red algae

4. Both (2) and (3)

All the following pteridophytes belong to the Class Pteropsida except:

1. Dryopteris

2. Pteris

3. Selaginella

4. Adiantum

Sexual reproduction by non-flagellated but similar in size gametes is seen in:

1. Chlamydomonas

2. Volvox

3. Spirogyra

4. Fucus

In mosses, the sex organs are seen in:

1. Protonema stage

2. Leafy stage

3. Capsule of the sporophyte

4. Seta of the sporophyte