Blood doping means use of banned substances by athletes that have a favorable effect on erythrocyte count by stimulating the bone marrow. The source of such a hormone can be the human:

1. Spleen

2. Heart 

3. Kidney

4. Lungs

Subtopic:  Human Kidney: Functions |
 65%
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The main disadvantage of urea as an excretory product for animals eliminating it would be:

1. its high toxicity

2. Needs lot of water to be eliminated

3. It being an osmolyte

4. Energy expenditure to produce it

Subtopic:  Formation of Urine |
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Match each item in Column I with one in Column II and choose the correct option from the codes given below:

Column I Column II
A. Filtration fraction a. 19%
B. Normal Blood Urea Level b. 23%
C. GFR c. 70-100 mg %
d. 15-40 mg %
e. 180 ml/min
f. 125 ml/min

            A      B      C

 1.        b      d      f

 2.        a      d      f

 3.        a      c      e

 4.        b      d      e

Subtopic:  Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 2 | Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration |
 50%
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Excretion of dilute urine requires

1. relative permeability of the distal tubule to water
2. transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending loop of Henle
3. the presence of ADH
4. impermeability of the collecting tubule to water
Subtopic:  Formation of Urine |
From NCERT
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The condition where urea accumulates in blood is: 

1. Glycosuria

2. Uremia

3. Ketonuria

4. Acidosis

Subtopic:  CRF & Hemodialysis |
 89%
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Juxtaglomerular apparatus is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the:

1. DCT and Efferent arteriole at the point of their contact

2. DCT and the Afferent arteriole at the point of their contact

3. PCT and Afferent arteriole at the point of their contact

4. PCT and Efferent arteriole at the point of their contact

Subtopic:  Autoregulation of GFR |
 72%
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Which of the following statements about the kidneys is incorrect?

1. They consume over 20% of the oxygens used by the body at rest.

2. Approximately 1200ml of fluid is filtrated by the kidneys each day.

3. 120-125 ml of plasma is forced into the renal tubules each minute.

4. They compose less than 1% of the body weight.

Subtopic:  Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 2 | Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration |
 55%
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Regarding the control of water balance by the kidneys:

1. The renal medulla has an osmotic gradient that decreases from the border with the cortex to the renal papilla.
2. ADH is secreted by anterior pituitary in response to a decrease in the osmolality of the blood.
3. A normal person cannot produce urine with an osmolality greater than 300 mOsmil.kg-1.
4. ADH acts on the cells of the collecting ducts to increase their permeability to water.
Subtopic:  Autoregulation of GFR |
 54%
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Describe urine in relationship to glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion urine:

1. glomerular filtration + tubular reabsorption + tubular secretion 
2. glomerular filtration - tubular reabsorption -tubular secretion 
3. glomerular filtration + tubular reabsorption -tubular secretion 
4. glomerular filtration -tubular reabsorption +tubular secretion 
Subtopic:  Formation of Urine |
 54%
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Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) will promote a(n) ________ in the excretion of sodium and water; thus ________ blood volume and blood pressure.

1. decrease, decreasing

2. decrease; increasing

3. increase, decreasing

4. increase, increasing

Subtopic:  Autoregulation of GFR |
 58%
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