1. | Every 100 ml of oxygenated blood can deliver around 5 ml of oxygen to the tissue under normal physiological conditions. |
2. | Oxygen gas has most potent effect on the central chemoreceptors and plays most vital role in regulation of respiration |
3. | Nearly 70 percent of carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate in the blood. |
4. | Every 100 ml of deoxygenated blood delivers about 4 ml of carbon dioxide to the alveoli. |
I. Alveolar epithelium | II. Vascular endothelium |
1. | Only I | 2. | Only II |
3. | Both I and II | 4. | Neither I nor II |
1. | decrease the intrapulmonary pressure and lead to inhalation |
2. | increase the intrapulmonary pressure and lead to inhalation |
3. | decrease the intrapulmonary pressure and lead to exhalation |
4. | increase the intrapulmonary pressure and lead to exhalation |
1. | Partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar air | 104 mm Hg |
2. | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in deoxygenated blood | 45 mm Hg |
3. | Transport of carbon dioxide in blood as bicarbonate | 70 % |
4. | Transport of carbon dioxide as carbaminohemoglobin | 7 % |
1. | is higher than the amount of oxygen as the solubility of carbon dioxide is 20-25 times lower than that of oxygen |
2. | is lower than the amount of oxygen as the solubility of carbon dioxide is 20-25 times lower than that of oxygen |
3. | is higher than the amount of oxygen as the solubility of carbon dioxide is 20-25 times higher than that of oxygen |
4. | is lower than the amount of oxygen as the solubility of carbon dioxide is 20-25 times higher than that of oxygen |
1. | Inspiratory capacity | Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume |
2. | Expiratory capacity | Tidal volume + Expiratory reserve volume |
3. | Functional residual capacity | Residual volume + Inspiratory reserve volume |
4. | Vital capacity | Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume + Expiratory reserve volume |
1. | Contraction of internal costal muscles leads to inhalation |
2. | Contraction of diaphragm increases the volume of thoracic chamber in dorso-ventral axis |
3. | Inspiration occurs when there is a negative pressure in the lungs with respect to atmospheric pressure |
4. | The residual volume of the lungs averages 2500 ml to 3000 ml |