1. | dN/dt = rN[1- N/K] | 2. | dN/dt = rN[1- K/N] |
3. | dN/dt = rN + [1- N/K] | 4. | dN/dt = rN + [1- K/N] |
1. | differences among similar species whose distributions overlap geographically are accentuated in regions where the species co-occur, but are minimized or lost where the species' distributions do not overlap. |
2. | two species which compete for the same limited resource cannot coexist at constant population values. |
3. | there is an expansion of the range of a species when a competitor for its niche is removed. |
4. | there is a division of limited resources by species to help avoid competition in an ecological niche. |
1. | Flamingoes visiting American lakes and resident fishes: Commensalism |
2. | Yucca plant and Tegeticula yuccasella, the yucca moth: Mutualism |
3. | Female Anopheles and humans: Parasitism |
4. | Lichens: Predation |
1. | the number of individuals in the pre-reproductive age group are more than the number of individuals in the reproductive age group. |
2. | the number of individuals in the reproductive age group are less than the number of individuals in the post-reproductive age group. |
3. | the number of individuals in the reproductive age group are equal to the number of individuals in the reproductive age group. |
4. | the number of individuals in the pre-reproductive age group are less than the number of individuals in the reproductive age group. |
1. | It is necessitated by nature to maintain the ecological balance . |
2. | It helps in maintaining species diversity in a community. |
3. | It might lead to the extinction of a species. |
4. | Both the interacting species are negatively impacted. |
While explaining interspecific interaction of population, (+) sign is assigned for beneficial interaction, (–) sign is assigned for detrimental interaction and (0) for neutral interaction. Which of the following interactions can be assigned (+) for one species and (–) for another species involved in the interaction?
1. Competition
2. Predation
3. Amensalism
4. Commensalism
The process of individuals of the same species that have come into the habitat from elsewhere during the time period under consideration is referred as:
1. Association
2. Emigration
3. Competition
4. Immigration
Which of the following is the correct equation of exponential growth?
1. \(N_t = N_0 ~e^{rnt}\)
2. \(N_t = N_0 ~e^{rpt}\)
3. \(N_t = N_0 ~e^{rst}\)
4. \(N_t = N_0 ~e^{rt}\)