1. | They delay senescence, thus, due to their application the fruits can be left on the tree so as to extend the market period |
2. | GA3 is used to speed up the malting process in brewing industry |
3. | Spraying sugarcane crop with GA increases the length of stem, thus increasing the yield by as much as 20 tonnes per acre |
4. | Spraying juvenile conifers with GA slows down the maturity period thus leading to delayed seed production |
(i) | GA causes increase in length of grape stalks and causes apples to elongate and improve its shape |
(ii) | GA causes bolting in beet, cabbage and many plants with rosette habit |
(iii) | Kinetin is a modified cytosine |
(iv) | Cytokinins are abundant in root apices, developing shoot buds and young fruits |
(v) | Cytokinins cause lateral shoot growth and adventitious shoot formation |
(i) | Causes horizontal growth of seedlings. |
(ii) | It is highly effective in causing fruit ripening. |
(iii) | Is responsible for respiratory climatic in fruits which is the enhanced respiration rate during fruit ripening. |
(iv) | Ethylene breaks seed and bud dormancy, initiates germination in peanut seeds, and causes the sprouting of potatoes. |
(v) | It is used to initiate flowering and for synchronising fruit set in pineapples. |
1. | Ethylene induces flowering in mango tree |
2. | Ethylene promotes senescence of plant organs especially of leaves and flowers |
3. | Ethylene promotes rapid internode/petiole elongation in deep water rice plants |
4. | Ethylene is the least used PGR in agriculture and horticulture |
1. | Hastens fruit ripening in tomatoes and apples, accelerates abscission in flowers and fruits |
2. | Promotes female flowers in cucumbers thereby increasing the yield |
3. | In aqueous solution is readily absorbed and transported within the plant and releases ethylene slowly |
4. | All of the above |
1. | Inhibits seed germination |
2. | Stimulates stomatal opening |
3. | Decreases the tolerance of plants to various kinds of stresses |
4. | In most situation acts synergistically with GA |
(i) | The role of PGR is of only one kind of intrinsic control |
(ii) | Along with genomic control and extrinsic factors, they play an important role in plant growth and development |
(iii) | Many of the intrinsic factors such as temperature and light, control the plant growth and development via PGR like vernalisation, flowering, dormancy , seed germination and plant movements |
(iv) | Gibberellins promote senescence in plants |
(v) | Both light and temperature has a role on initiation of flowering |