Emerson's enhancement effect and red drop have been instrumental in the discovery of 

(1) two photosystems operating simultaneously

(2) photophosphorylation and cyclic electron transport. 

(3) Oxidative phosphorylation

(4) photophosphorylation and non-cyclic electron transport

In a chloroplast the highest number of protons are found in

1. lumen of thylakoids

2. inter membrane space

3. antenna complex

4. Stroma

The oxygen evolved during photosynthesis comes from water molecules. Which one of the following pairs of elements involved in this reaction?

1. Manganese and chlorine

2. Manganese and potassium

3. Manganese and molybdenum

4. Magnesium and chlorine

In photosynthesis, the light-independent reactions take place at 

1. thylakoid lumen 

2. photosystem l

3. photosystem ll

4. stromal matrix

The structures that are formed by stacking of organised flattened membranous sacs in the chloroplasts are 

1. cristae

2. grana

3. stroma lamellae

4. stroma

Anoxygenic photosynthesis is characteristic of 

(1) Rhodospirillum

(2) Spirogyra

(3) Chlamydomonas 

(4) Ulva

The correct sequence of cell organelles during photorespiration is 

(1) chloroplast-Golgi bodies-mitochondria

(2) chloroplast-rough endoplasmic reticulum-dictyosomes

(3) chloroplast-peroxisome-mitochondria

(4) chloroplast-vacuole-peroxisome

PGA as the first CO₂ fixation was discovered in the photosynthesis of 

(1) bryophyte

(2) gymnosperm

(3) angiosperm

(4) algae

C₄ -plants are more efficient in photosynthesis than C₃ -plants due to 

1. higher leaf area

2. presence of larger number of chloroplasts in the leaf cells. 

3. presence of thin cuticle

4. lower rate of photorespiration

Cyclic-photophosphorylation results in the formation of 

1. NADPH

2. ATP and NADPH

3. ATP, NADPH and O₂

4. ATP