I: | The polyblend, a fine powder of recycled modified plastic, is mixed with bitumen to lay roads. |
II: | Polyblend enhances the bitumen’s water repellent properties and helps to increase the road life by a factor of 3. |
A | UV radiation hits CFC molecule |
B | Chlorine atom breaks away |
C | Chlorine atom hits Ozone molecule |
D | Chlorine atom takes one oxygen molecule and creates chlorine monoxide leaving one atom of oxygen. |
E | Oxygen molecule hits chlorine monoxide molecule |
F | Two oxygen atoms form an oxygen molecule and chlorine atom is free. |
I: | The green house effect is a natural phenomenon responsible for heating of earth’s surface and atmosphere. |
II: | Greenhouse gases absorb short wave UV radiation and emit it again towards the earth. |
III: | During the past century, the temperature of earth has increased by 60C |
1. | Only Statement I |
2. | Only Statement III |
3. | Only Statement II and Statement III |
4. | Only Statement I and Statement II |
Assertion (A): | Nuclear waste is an extremely potent pollutant and has to be dealt with utmost caution. |
Reason (R): | Radiation that is given by nuclear waste causes mutations at a very high rate. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
2. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
3. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A). |
Statement I: | Biomagnification can never occur in terrestrial ecosystems. |
Statement II: | Inorganic fertilisers and pesticides are not toxic to non-target organisms. |
A | Desertification | A type of land degradation in drylands in which biological productivity is lost due to natural processes or induced by human activities whereby fertile areas become increasingly arid. |
B | Soil erosion | A form of soil degradation, it is the denudation of the fertile top layer of the soil. |
C | Water-logging | It is the saturation of soil with water where the soil is nearly saturated with water much of the time such that its air phase is restricted and anaerobic conditions prevail. |
D | Soil Salinity | It is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. |
Assertion (A): | Irrigation without proper drainage of water has a very detrimental effect on crops. |
Reason (R): | It draws salt to the surface of the soil which is inimical to the growth of crops. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
2. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
3. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A). |
1. | Normally the cause if an excess of nutrients applied to the soil. |
2. | Some nutrients leach into the soil and get drained into the water body. |
3. | Some nutrients run off over the ground into the body of water. |
4. | The excess nutrients cause an algal bloom. |
7. | Eventually, the algal bloom dies, sinks to the bottom of the lake, gets decomposed by bacteria which increases the dissolved oxygen in the water body. |
8. | Increased dissolved oxygen content is dangerous to larger life forms. |
1. | All | 2. | All except 7 and 8 |
3. | All except 1, 3, and 4 | 4. | Only 1 and 2 |
1. | A to B | |
2. | B to C | |
3. | C to D | |
4. | D to E |
I: | At least 1.0% impurities must be present in a sample of domestic sewage to make it unfit for human use. |
II: | Waste water from industries often contains toxic heavy metals like mercury, cadmium, copper and lead that have a density greater than 5 gm/cm3. |