Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Plant-animal interactions often involve co-evolution of the mutualists.
Reason (R): The mutually beneficial system should be safeguarded against ‘cheaters’.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
1. Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A).
3. (A) is True but (R) is False.
4. (A) is False but (R) is True.

Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Commensalism, Protocooperation & Mutualism |
 51%
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The picture shows mutual relationship between the fig tree and the wasp.
I: Many species of fig trees can only be pollinated by their ‘partner’ wasp species and no other species.
II: The female wasp does not derive any benefit from this relationship.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Commensalism, Protocooperation & Mutualism |
 85%
From NCERT
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The picture shows a bee pollinating the Mediterranean orchid, Ophrys.
I: This exemplifies the operation of co-evolution between the bee and the flower.
II: All orchids offer rewards to their specific pollinators.
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct but II is incorrect.
4. II is correct but I is incorrect.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Commensalism, Protocooperation & Mutualism |
 60%
From NCERT
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The age pyramid with broad base indicates:
1. high percentage of old individuals
2. low percentage of young individuals
3. a stable population
4. high percentage of young individuals 
Subtopic:  Age Pyramid |
 82%
From NCERT
NEET - 2013
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Assertion(A): Population ecology is an important area in Biology.
Reason(R): It links ecology to population genetics and evolution.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Subtopic:  Population Attributes |
 85%
From NCERT
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Assertion(A): Prey species that are poisonous are avoided by predators.
Reason(R): This is one of the defense mechanisms evolved to lessen the impact of predation.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation |
From NCERT
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Assertion(A): Predation is more severe for plants.
Reason(R): They cannot run away from their predators.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Predation |
 92%
From NCERT
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Assertion(A): Competition is defined as a process where the fitness of one species gets lower down due to the presence of another species.
Reason(R): An increase in the r-value of one species in the presence of another species represents competition.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Competition |
 52%
From NCERT
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Consider the given statements:
Assertion (A):  Temperature is the most important ecologically relevant environmental factor.
Reason (R):  Temperature affects the kinetics of the enzymes.
 
1. (A) is True but (R) is False.
2. Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) correctly explains the (A).
3. (A) is False but (R) is True.
4. Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain the (A).
Subtopic:  Abiotic Factors: Temperature (OLD NCERT) |
 84%
From NCERT
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The interaction where one species is benefitted and the other is neither benefitted nor harmed is called:
1. mutualism
2. commensalism
3. competition
4. amensalism
Subtopic:  Population Interactions: Commensalism, Protocooperation & Mutualism |
 90%
From NCERT
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