1. | Gymnosperms lack vessels in their xylem. |
2. | Gymnosperms have albuminous cells and sieve cells. |
3. | Gymnosperms lack sieve tubes and companion cells. |
4. | Gymnosperms lack secondary growth. |
Column I [Plant part] | Column II [Vascular bundle] | ||
A | Dicot root | P | Conjoint and open |
B | Monocot root | Q | Conjoint and closed |
C | Dicot stem | R | Radial, exarch, 2-6 in number |
D | Monocot stem | S | Radial, exarch, polyarch [more than 6] |
A | B | C | D | |
1. | R | S | Q | P |
2. | R | S | P | Q |
3. | P | Q | R | S |
4. | Q | P | S | R |
I: | hypodermis is collenchymatous |
II: | vascular bundles are conjoint and closed |
III: | phloem parenchyma is absent |
A transverse section of a plant part shows the following features:
I: | Innermost layer of cortex has casparian strips. |
II: | Pericycle has parenchymatous cells. |
III: | Radially arranged two to four xylem and phloem patches. |
This transverse section must be of:
1. Dicot root
2. Monocot root
3. Dicot stem
4. Monocot stem
1. | They enclose stomata. |
2. | They are bean shaped in grasses. |
3. | The outer walls are thin and the inner walls are highly thickened. |
4. | They possess chloroplasts. |
I: | It usually develops in the cortex region and is a couple of layers thick. |
II: | It cuts off cells on both sides where the inner cells differentiate into cork and the outer cells differentiate into secondary cortex. |
1. | Sapwood is involved in conduction of water and minerals from root to leafs. |
2. | Sapwood is the innermost secondary xylem and is lighter in colour |
3. | Due to deposition of tannins, resins, oils etc., heart wood is dark in colour. |
4. | Heart wood does not conduct water but gives mechanical support. |
I: | Epiblema | Many of the cells of epiblema protrude in the form of unicellular root hairs. |
II: | Endodermis | The tangential as well as radial walls of the cells have a deposition of suberin in the form of casparian strips. |
III: | Pericycle | Initiation of lateral roots and vascular cambium during the secondary growth takes place in these cells |
IV: | Pith | Large and well developed. |