Malaria infection can be transmitted by 

1. the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito

2. vertical transmission through placental defect

3. blood transfusion 

4. all of these.

Memory cells are stored in

1. spleen

2. lymph nodes

3. both 1. and 2.

4. a specialised area of brain tissue

The highly pathogenic influenza A (H5NI) virus infects 

1. poultry 

2. ducks

3. migratory birds

4. all of these.

Enteric fever is caused by

1. Salmonella enteritidis

2. S. typhi

3. S. typhimurium

4. none of the above

Stem cells arise from

1. bone marrow

2. yolk sac

3. foetal liver

4. all the above.

Ingestion of food and water contaminated with infective eggs is the primary route of

infection for 

1. Taenia solium

2. Wuchereria bancrofti

3. Trichinella sp.

4. Ascaris lumbricoides

The degree of pathogenicity of a microorganism is referred to as 

1. virulence 

2. prevalence 

3. severity

4. pathogenic efficacy

The following hepatitis viruses are RNA except

1. hepatitis B virus

2. hepatitis A virus

3. hepatitis G virus

4. hepatitis E virus.

Cocaine is a stimulant, which may cause addiction. It is an alkaloid obtained from

1. Eucalyptus

2. Erythroxylum

3. Rauwolfia

4. Papaver

Which of the following is non-pathogenic bacteria of colon?

1. Escherichia coli

2. Balantidium coli

3. Entamoeba coli

4. Enterobius vermicularis