Documented microfossils have been found that are as old as

(1) 2.5 billion years

(2) 3.5 billion years

(3) 1.5 billion years

(4) 2.5 billion years

From the statements given below, which one most likely represents an example of disruptive selection.

I. Industrial melanism in peppered moth.

II. Population of butterflies that are either all yellow or all blue.

III. Population of rabits that evolves more body fat in response to a cold climate.

IV. Population of wrens that evolves to be smaller at sexual maturity in response to predation pressure.

V. Very tall and very short pine trees being removed from a population by herbivorey.

(1) Only II                             

(2) II and III

(3) Only IV                             

(4) III and IV        

The best description of natural selection is 

(1) the survival of the fittest

(2) the struggle for existence 

(3) the reproductive success of the members of a population best adapted to the environment

(4) a change in the proportion of variation within a population 

Reproduction isolation in sympatric speciation develops without a 

(1) Geographic barrier

(2) Barrier to gene flow

(3) Change in chromosome number

(4) Barrier to mating

Which of the following sets do not have homologous organs? 

(1) Mouth parts of cockroach and butterfly

(2) Wings of butterfly and bird

(3) Wings of mosquito and butterfly 

(4) Forelegs of horse and paddles of whale

Which of the following is the relatively most accurate method for dating fossils?

(1) Pottasium-argon method

(2) Uranium-lead method

(3) Electron-spin resonance method

(4) Radio-carbon method

At a particular locus, frequency of 'A' allele is 0.6 and that of 'a' is 0.4. What would be the frequency of heterozygotes in a randomly mating population of equilibrium ?

(1) 0.16

(2) 0.36

(3) 0.48

(4) 0.24

Speciation of sympatric species is due to

(1) geographic isolation

(2) reproductive isolation

(3) isolation/separation

(4) migration

Flame cells and Malpighian tubules are the analogous organ in 

(1) insects and arthropods respectively 

(2) arthropods and echinodermates respectively

(3) helminths and arthropods with other insect respectively

(4) arthropds and other insect with helminths respectively

Tendrils in plants are an exapmle of 

(1) Convergent evolution

(2) Radiation

(3) Divergent evolution

(4) Co-evolution