Assertion   :       If human urine is allowed to stand for some time, it smells strongly of ammonia.

Reason      :       Main constituent of human urine is Ammonia.

Assertion   :       Birds can considerably reduce water loss in the urine.

Reason      :       Birds store urine along with faeces in the cloaca.

Assertion   :       The glomerular filtrate resembles the protein free plasma in composition and osmotic pressure.

Reason      :       The glomerular capillary wall and inner membrance of Bowman’s capsule are impermeable to large molecules.

Assertion             :       Kidneys maintain the osmotic concentration of the blood.

Reason      :       Kidneys eliminate either hypotonic or hypertonic urine according to the need of the body.

Assertion    :       During micturition, urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters.

Reason      :       Urethral sphincters relax during micturition.

Assertion   :       Secreting hypotonic urine is effective in reducing urinary loss of water.

Reason      :       Hypotonic urine is more concentrated and higher in osmotic pressure than the blood.

Assertion   :       In birds and reptiles, main excretory product is the combined form of urine and faeces.

Reason      :       Birds and reptiles have no separate chamber for excretion of urine and faeces.

Assertion   :       Hemodialysis can save and prolong the life of uremic patients.

Reason      :       Waste products like urea can be removed from the blood by the process of hemodialysis.

Assertion   :       Birds drink very little water and insects never consume water.

Reason      :       Birds and insects are uricotelic with negligible water requirement to eliminate nitrogenous waste.

Assertion :       The antidiuretic hormone increases the water permeability of distal convoluted tubule.

Reason    :       In absence of ADH, water re-absorption is considerably reduced.