What causes the opening of tricuspid and bicuspid valves?
1. Atrial pressure greater than pressure in the ventricles.
2. Ventricular pressure greater than pressure in the arteries.
3. Arterial pressure greater than pressure in the ventricles.
4. Ventricular pressure greater than pressure in the atria.

What happens during the isovolumetric relaxation of the cardiac cycle?
1. the atria contract and pump blood into the ventricles.
2. the ventricles contract and pump blood into the blood vessels.
3. both atria and ventricles are relaxed.
4. the ventricles contract but ventricular pressure is lower than arterial. pressure

The semilunar valves close at the beginning of

How would the blood pumped per minute by the left ventricle compare with that pumped by the right ventricle?
1. normally greater than that of the right ventricle.
2. probably lower than the right ventricle if the person has systemic edema.
3. probably lower than the right ventricle if the person has pulmonary edema.
4. probably higher than the right ventricle if the person has pulmonary edema.

Under normal physiological conditions a higher cardiac output can be achieved by a higher:
1. extracellular ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ concentration
2. blood pressure in the systemic circulation
3. venous return
4. parasympathetic tone

Vagotomy [cutting of vagus nerve] would lead to:
1. reduced heart rate
2. increased heart rate
3. reduced strength of contraction
4. increased secretion of acetylcholine

The cardiovascular system is located in:
1. cerebral cortex
2. thalamus
3. basal nuclei
4. medulla oblongata

The liquid portion of the blood with fibrinogen and some of the clotting proteins removed is
1. plasma.
2. platelets.
3. plasma proteins.
4. serum

Pernicious anemia is an example of
1. hypochromic anemia.
2. nutritional anemia.
3. hemorrhagic anemia.
4. hemolytic anemia.
 

Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
1. nutritional anemia – cynocobalamin deficiency
2. eosinophilia – worm infestations
3. hemorrhagic anemia - large blood loss
4. thrombocytopenia - greatly increased platelets