Q. No.Filtration slits in the glomerular membrane are formed by:
1. The capillary endothelial cells
2. The basement membrane
3. The podocyte cells
4. Mesangial cells
1. The capillary endothelial cells
2. The basement membrane
3. The podocyte cells
4. Mesangial cells
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The juxtaglomerular apparatus is made up of:
1. Juxtaglomerular cells and podocytes
2. Macula densa and podocytes
3. Juxtaglomerular cells and mesangial cells
4. Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa
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The basic functions of human kidneys in the production of urine include all the following except:
| 1. | Glomerular filtration | 2. | Tubular reabsorption |
| 3. | Tubular secretion | 4. | Erythropoietin production |
The reabsorption, from the filtrate, of sodium, glucose and amino acids:
1. involves the Bowman's capsule
2. is restricted to the loop of Henle
3. occurs mainly in the proximal convoluted tubules
4. occurs mainly by osmosis
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What is the mechanism of reabsorption of glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron?
| 1. | Diffusion, depending on plasma glucose concentration |
| 2. | An active transport process that is linked to sodium reabsorption |
| 3. | An active transport process that is linked to amino acid transport |
| 4. | Active transport with no link to the transport of any other substance |
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All the following are secreted by the tubules of nephrons except:
| 1. Sodium ions | 2. Potassium ions |
| 3. Uric acid | 4. Hydrogen ions |
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The urinary clearance of a substance is found to be less than its glomerular filtration rate. This substance most likely:
1. is filtered and is not subject to reabsorption or secretion
2. is filtered and is partially reabsorbed
3. is filtered and is partially secreted
4. is totally secreted
During the concentration of urine, the medullary interstitial osmolality is increased by all the following except:
| 1. | Solute reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle |
| 2. | Sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule |
| 3. | Urea reabsorption from the proximal tubule |
| 4. | Urea recycling between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct |
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A hormone formed in the blood that causes vasoconstriction is:
| 1. Renin | 2. Aldosterone |
| 3. Angiotensin | 4. Vasopressin |
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The collecting ducts become permeable to water and urea due to:
| 1. Aldosterone | 2. Atrial natriuretic peptide |
| 3. Renin | 4. ADH (vasopressin) |
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