Passage cells are thin-walled cells found in:
1. endodermis of roots facilitating rapid transport of water from cortex to pericycle
2. phloem elements that serve as entry points for substances for transport to other plant parts
3. testa of seeds to enable emergence of growing embryonic axis during seed germination
4. central region of style through which the pollen tube grows towards the ovary

Two cells A and B are contiguous. Cell A has osmotic pressure 10 atm, turgor pressure 7 atm and diffusion pressure deficit 3 atm. Cell B has osmotic pressure 8 atm, turgor pressure 3 atm and diffusion pressure deficit 5 atm. The result will be
1. Movement of water from cell B to A
2. No movement of water
3. Equilibrium between the two
4. Movement of water from cell A to B

The translocation of organic solutes in sieve tube members is supported by:
1. root pressure and transpiration pull
2. P-proteins
3. mass flow involving a carrier and ATP
4. cytoplasmic streaming

Wooden doors swell up and get stuck during the rainy season. This is due to the phenomenon of
1. imbibition
2. endosmosis
3. capillarity
4. deplasmolysis.

In plants, water moves from
1. less negative to more negative potential
2. more negative to less negative potential
3. a point to another point with the same potential
4. none of the above

If turgor pressure becomes equal to the wall pressure, then
1. water leaves the cell
2. water enters the cell
3. no exchange of water takes place
4. solute goes from the cell into water

Which of the following helps in ascent of sap?
1. Root pressure
2. Transpiration
3. Capillarity
4. All of the above

Assertion: Like animal cells, sodium ions play the primary role in basic transport processes in plant cells.
Reason: In plant cells, the membrane potential is established mainly through pumping of sodium ions by sodium-potassium pumps.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The osmotic potential typically has a negligible influence on the mass movement of water in soils.
Reason: Regions of soil are usually not divided by a semipermeable membrane

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Water and minerals cannot cross the endodermis and enter the vascular cylinder via the apoplast.
Reason: Casparian strip is the barrier located in transverse and radial walls of each endodermal cell and is made of lignin.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.