Plasmodesmata are:
1. Connections between adjacent cells
2. Lignified cemented layers between cells
3. Locomotory structures
4. Membranes connecting the nucleus with plasmalemma

Water vapor comes out from the plant leaf through the stomatal opening. Through the same stomatal opening, carbon dioxide diffuses into the plant during photosynthesis. Reason out the above statements using one of the following options
1. Both processes cannot happen simultaneously
2. Both processes can happen together because the diffusion coefficient of water and CO₂ is different
3. The above processes happen only during night time
4. One process occurs during day time and the other at night

Assertion: Pits connecting individual tracheids and vessels members to other tracheids or vessels is an adaptation against cavitation.
Reason: Air bubbles can easily pass through the pits clearing the tracheids and vessels of cavitation.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Turgor in guard cells results from the active uptake of ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$
Reason: The energy required to move the ions across the guard cell membranes comes from ATP-driven ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ pump.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false

Assertion: Increased turgor in guard cells opens stomata.
Reason: Rings of cellulose microfibrils prevent the width of the guard cells from swelling, and only allow the extra turgor pressure to elongate the guard cells.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R): 

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Assertion: Blue light as a signal induces stomatal closure.
Reason: Blue light inhibits proton $\left[{\mathrm{H}}^{+}\right]$ transport.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Phloem sap moves form sugar source to sugar sink.
Reason: A storage organ, such as a tuber or bulb, may be a source or a sink, depending on the season.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: The concentration of free sugar in the sink is always lower than in the sieve tube.
Reason: The unloaded sugar is consumed during growth or metabolism or converted to insoluble polymers such as starch.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Removing sinks is a useful horticulture practice such as in production of larger sized apples.
Reason: If sinks are more than the source can support, plants may undergo self-thinning.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.