Assertion: Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration by inducing intake of glucose by the cells.
Reason: Insulin causes the insertion of the GLUT4 transporter in the cell membranes of muscle and fat tissues which allows glucose to enter the cell.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
4. If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion: Prostaglandins send only paracrine (locally active) or autocrine (acting on the same cell from which it is synthesized) signals.
Reason: Prostaglandins, found in almost every tissue in humans, are derived enzymatically from the fatty acid arachidonic acid.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R): 
 

In the light of the above statements choose the correct answer from the options given below:
 

Assertion: Hormone pathways involved in homeostasis typically involve negative feedback and are often paired.
Reason: Negative feedback helps restore a pre existing state.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Prolactin is unique amongst the anterior pituitary hormone.
Reason: The prolactin inhibitory neurotransmitter released by the hypothalamus is the neurotransmitter dopamine.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Cancerous cells from the hypothalamus multiply and spread to the pituitary.
Reason: The portal system acts as the pathway for metastasis from the hypothalamus to the pituitary.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Prolactin is an evolutionary conserved hormone.
Reason: It is influential in over 300 separate processes in various vertebrates, including humans.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Thyroxine [${\mathrm{T}}_4$] is responsible for most of the actions of thyroid hormones at the cellular level.
Reason: It is the major hormone released by thyroid gland and is also formed in the periphery by conversion from ${\mathrm{T}}_3$.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Growth hormone promtes protein anabolism and retards protein catabolism.
Reason: It increases the use of glucose by normal body cells so that protein breakdown for gluconeogenesis is reduced.

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.

Assertion: Addison’s disease is characterized by darkening (hyperpigmentation) of the skin, including areas not exposed to the sun.
Reason: This occurs because melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and ACTH share the same precursor molecule, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC).

1. Both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
2. Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
3. Assertion is true but reason is false.
4. Both assertion and reason are false.