The ATP synthase consists of two parts where:

1.	${\mathrm{F}}_0$ is a transmembrane channel and ${\mathrm{F}}_1$ protrudes out towards stroma
2.	${\mathrm{F}}_1$ is a transmembrane channel and ${\mathrm{F}}_0$ protrudes out towards stroma
3.	${\mathrm{F}}_0$ is a transmembrane channel and ${\mathrm{F}}_1$ protrudes out towards lumen of thylakoid
4.	${\mathrm{F}}_1$ is a transmembrane channel and ${\mathrm{F}}_0$ protrudes out towards lumen of thylakoid

NCERT textbook mentions that “immediately after light becomes unavailable, the biosynthetic process continues for some time and then stops”. Why does it stop after some time?

How many carbon atoms does the primary carbon dioxide acceptor have in C₃  photosynthesis?

How many ATP and NADPH are respectively required to make one molecule of glucose through the Calvin pathway?

Identify the incorrect statement regarding the comparison of ${\mathrm{C}}_4$ plants to the ${\mathrm{C}}_3$ plants:

The bundle sheath cells are characterized by:

The primary ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ acceptor in ${\mathrm{C}}_4$ plants is:

The ${\mathrm{C}}_3$ pathway:

In ${\mathrm{C}}_4$ pathway, the 4-carbon compound transported to bundle sheath cells most commonly is: