Assertion : Anhydrous copper(II) chloride is a covalent while anhydrous copper(II)fluoride is ionic in nature.

Reason: In halides of transition metals, the ionic character decreases with increase in atomic mass of the halogen.

1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
4. If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion: E^o for Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺ couple is more positive than for Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺.

Reason: Mn³⁺ has d⁴ configuration and Fe³⁺ has a d⁵ configuration.

Assertion: Transition metals exhibit higher enthalpies of atomization.

Reason: The atoms of transition metals are held together by strong metallic bonds.

Assertion : The transition elements form interstitial compounds.

Reason: Steel and cast iron are hard due to the formation of an interstitial compound with carbon.

When iron becomes passive by "X", it is due to the formation of "Y". X and Y, respectively, are:

1. Dil. HCl, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3$

2. 80% Conc. ${\mathrm{HNO}}_3$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_4$

3. Conc. ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{SO}}_4$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_4$

4. Conc. HCl, ${\mathrm{Fe}}_3{\mathrm{O}}_4$

When KMnO₄ solution is added to hot oxalic acid solution, the decolorization is slow in the beginning but becomes instantaneous after some time. This is because : 

1. ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ acts as auto catalyst.

2. ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ is formed.

3. Reaction is exothermic.

4. ${\mathrm{MnO}}_4^{-}$ catalyses the reaction.

Which of the following statements is false? 

The addition of non-metals like B and C to the interstitial sites of a transition metal increases

1. Ductility

2. Melting Point

3. Shining

4. Conductivity

Which of the following metals does not form amalgam?

1. Fe

2. Au

3. Zn

4. Ag

The element of the first transition series having lowest oxidation potential value $(\mathrm{M}\to {\mathrm{M}}^{2+}+2{\mathrm{e}}^{-})$ is -

1. Mn

2. Fe

3. Ni

4. Cu