Assertion :  Each of the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor is given equal positive charge Q. The

                   charges on the facing surfaces will be same. 

Reason : A negative charge (–Q) will be induced on each of the facing surfaces.

1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
4. If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion : Electric potential is a property of an electric field, regardless of whether a charged

                  object has been placed in that field.

Reason : Potential depends on test charge. 

Assertion : Electric potential and electric potential energy are different quantities.

Reason :  For a system of positive test charge and point charge electric potential energy = electric potential. 

Assertion : The component of $\overrightarrow{\mathrm{E}}$ in any direction is the negative of the rate of change of the

                   electric potential with distance in that direction. 

Reason :  Potential gradient in any direction at a point gives total electric field at that point. 

Assertion : Two equipotential surfaces cannot cut each other. 

Reason : Two equipotential surfaces are parallel to each other.

Assertion : Charges are given to plates of two plane parallel plate capacitors ${\mathrm{C}}_1$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_2$ (such

                  that ${\mathrm{C}}_2=2{\mathrm{C}}_1$) as shown in figure. Then the key $\mathrm{K}$ is pressed to complete the circuit.

                 Finally the net charge on upper plate and net charge on lower plate of capacitor ${\mathrm{C}}_1$ is positive.

Reason : In a parallel plate capacitor both plates always carry equal and opposite charge. 

Assertion : Electrons move away from a region of lower potential to a region of higher potential.

Reason : Since an electron has a negative charge. 

Assertion :  At a distance r from a +ve charged particle potential is V and electric field strength is E.

                   Then graph between ${\mathrm{V}}^2$ & $\mathrm{E}$ is straight line.

Reason : For a point charge $\frac{{\mathrm{V}}^2}{\mathrm{E}}=\frac{\mathrm{q}}{4\mathrm{\pi }{\in }_0}$

Assertion : Potential difference between two points lying in a uniform electric field may be equal

                  to zero.

Reason : Points of line normal to electric field is equipotential line. 

Assertion : A particle $\mathrm{A}$ of mass m and charge $\mathrm{Q}$ moves directly towards a fixed particle $\mathrm{B}$, which

                  has charge $\mathrm{Q}$. The speed of $\mathrm{A}$ is $\mathrm{v}$ when it is far away from $\mathrm{B}$. The minimum separation

                  between the particles is proportional to ${\mathrm{Q}}^2$.

Reason : Total energy remains conserved.