Q. No.Which one of the following hormones though synthesised elsewhere, is stored and released by the master gland?
1. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
2. Antidiuretic hormone
3. Luteinizing hormone
4. Prolactin
1. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
2. Antidiuretic hormone
3. Luteinizing hormone
4. Prolactin
A chemical signal that has both endocrine and neural roles is:
2. calcitonin
3. epinephrine
4. cortisol
| 1. | Organs in the body like the gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones. |
| 2. | Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amounts that act as intercellular messengers are known as hormones. |
| 3. | Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland. |
| 4. | Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus. |
1. Low secretion of growth hormone
2. Cancer of the thyroid gland
3. Over secretion of pars distalis
4. Deficiency of iodine in diet
Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and its function/deficiency symptom:
| Endocrine gland | Hormone | Function/deficiency symptom | |
| (A) | Posterior Pituitary | Growth Hormone (GH) | Oversecretion stimulates abnormal growth |
| (B) | Thyroid gland | Thyroxine | Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre |
| (C) | Corpus luteum | Testosterone | Stimulates spermatogenesis |
| (D) | Anterior pituitary | Oxytocin | Stimulates uterus contraction during childbirth |
1. (A)
2. (B)
3. (C)
4. (D)
Identify the hormone with its correct matching of source and function:
| 1. | Oxytocin- posterior pituitary, growth and maintenance of mammary glands. |
| 2. | Melatonin- pineal gland, regulates the normal rhythm of sleep-wake cycle. |
| 3. | Progesterone- corpus-luteum, stimulation of growth and activities of female secondary sex organs. |
| 4. | Atrial natriuretic factor- ventricular wall increases blood pressure. |
Fight - or - flight reaction cause activation of:
| 1. | the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate. |
| 2. | the kidney, leading to suppression of the rennin angiotensin-aldosterone pathway. |
| 3. | the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| 4. | the pancreas leading to a reduction in blood sugar levels. |
Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?
1. Insulin and glucagon
2. Thyroxin and insulin
3. Somatosatin and oxytocin
4. Cortisol and testosterone
Match the source gland with its respective hormone as well as the function.
| Source gland |
Hormone | Function | |
| (a) | Posterior pituitary |
Vasopressin | Stimulates reabsorption of water in the distal tubules in the nephron |
| (b) | Corpus luteum |
Prolactin | Supports pregnancy |
| (c) | Thyroid | Thyroxine | Regulates blood calcium level |
| (d) | Anterior pituitary |
Oxytocin | Contraction of uterus muscles during childbirth |
1. (a)
2. (b)
3. (c)
4. (d)
Given ahead is an incomplete table about certain hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each on the body in humans. Identify the correct option for the three blanks A, B and C.
| Gland | Secretion | Effect on Body |
| A | Oestrogen | Maintenance of secondary sexual characters |
| Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans | B | Raises blood sugar level |
| Anterior pituitary | C | Oversecretion leads to gigantism |
| Options: | A | B | C |
| 1. | Placenta | Insulin | Vasopressin |
| 2. | Ovary | Insulin | Calcium |
| 3. | Placenta | Glucagon | Calcitonin |
| 4. | Ovary | Glucagon | Growth hormone |
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