Q. No.Which of the following does not favour the formation of large quantities of dilute urine?
1. Alcohol
2. Caffeine
3. Renin
4. Atrial-natriuretic factor
2. Caffeine
3. Renin
4. Atrial-natriuretic factor
Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule?
1. Increase in aldosterone levels
2. Increase in antidiuretic hormone levels
3. Decrease in aldosterone levels
4. Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels
Figure shows a human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristics and/or functions.
| 1. | B-pelvis - broad funnel-shaped space inner to the hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle. |
| 2. | C- Medulla- inner zone of kidney and contains complex nephrons. |
| 3. | D- Cortex- outer part of the kidney and does not contain any part of nephrons. |
| 4. | A- Adrenal gland- located at the anterior part of the kidney; secretes catecholamines which stimulate glycogen breakdown. |
The maximum amount of electrolytes and water (70-80%) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron?
1. Ascending limb of the loop of Henle
2. Distal convoluted tubule
3. Proximal convoluted tubule
4. Descending limb of the loop of Henle
| 1. | Henle’s loop – most reabsorption of the major substances from the glomerular filtrate |
| 2. | Distal convoluted tubule – reabsorption of ions into the surrounding blood capillaries |
| 3. | Afferent arteriole – carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein |
| 4. | Podocytes - create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman’s capsule |
1. Convoluted tubules
2. Collecting ducts
3. Loops Henle
4. Peritubular capillaries
1. birds and annelids
2. amphibians and reptiles
3. insects and amphibians
4. reptiles and birds
| 1. | Exposure to cold temperature stimulates ADH release |
| 2. | An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates the formation of angiotensin II |
| 3. | During summer when the body loses a lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed |
| 4. | When someone drinks a lot of water, ADH release is suppressed. |
Which one of the following statement with regards to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?
| 1. | Descending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to water |
| 2. | Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HCO3 |
| 3. | Nearly 99 per cent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules |
| 4. | Ascending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes |
The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised:
1. in kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver
2. in kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys
3. in liver and also eliminated by the same through bile
4. in the liver, but eliminated mostly through kidneys
© 2025 GoodEd Technologies Pvt. Ltd.