De Vries based his "Mutation Theory" on his observation on:

(1) Pisum sativum

(2) Drosophila melanogaster

(3) Oenothera lamarckiana

(4) Caenorhabditis elegans

Which of the following is not a major evolutionary trend seen in the evolution of horse?

(1) Progressive increase in the number of toes

(2) Increase in the complexity of the molar teeth

(3) Lengthening of the limbs in general

(4) Enlargement of the brain

Identify the correct statement:

1. As the coacervates do not have lipid outer membranes and cannot reproduce, they alone could not have been the precursors of life.

2. The microspheres could not be induced to constrict but had no large amount of diversity

3. The earliest life was probably not driven by the solar energy as is seen today

4. Protobionts cannot separate combination of molecules from the surroundings or maintain an internal environment but are able to reproduce.

For origin of life, which of the following is not a precondition, needed to be fullfilled by the protobionts under consideration ?
1. They should have been able to totally isolate themselve from the general environment
2. They should have been able to replicate
3. They should have acquired a perpetual source of energy 
4. Their replication should have been subject to error via mutation

Adenine was synthesized by Orgel, using the Miller apparatus, when he used the gas:

1. carbon dioxide

2. hydrogen cyanide

3. hydrogen sulfide

4. nitrogen

The control apparatus of the Urey and Miller experiment was devoid of:

1. a provision for evaporation 

2. an arrangement for circulation

3. a source of energy

4. an arrangement for condensation

The formation of a new species through change in a single lineage is known as:

(1) Anagenesis, or phyletic evolution

(2) Cladogenesis, or divergent evolution

(3) Convergent evolution

(4) Allopatry

For the stability of the organic compounds, Oparin opined that probably:
1. UV radiation never reached the surface of the primeval Earth
2. the primeval Earth was in a molten state
3. the primeval Earth atmosphere was reducing rather than oxidizing
4. plenty of energy sources were available for chemical reactions to occur

Which of the following organisms alive today is likely to be most similar to the first life forms that evolved on the earth?

1. Methane producing bacteria

2. Cyanobacteria

3. Unicellular algae

4. Diatoms

The similarities between the eyes of an octopus and of a mammal are a result of:

1. Convergent evolution

2. Divergent evolution

3. Saltation

4. Retrograde evolution