I: | Lice on humans and ticks on dogs |
II: | Marine fish infested with ectoparasitic copepods |
III: | Female Anopheles biting human beings |
IV: | Tapeworm in the human alimentary canal |
1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only III and IV |
3. | Only I and III | 4. | Only II and IV |
Statement I: | The morphological and anatomical features of endoparasites are greatly simplified but their reproductive potential is very high. |
Statement II: | Unlike ectoparasites, endoparasites live inside the host body at different sites and their life cycles are more complex. |
I: | The anemone provides the clownfish with protection and shelter |
II: | The clownfish provides the anemone nutrients in the form of waste while also scaring off potential predator fish |
1. | Competition | 2. | Commensalism |
3. | Mutualism | 4. | Parasitism |
Assertion (A): | Plant-animal interactions often involve co-evolution of the mutualists. |
Reason (R): | The mutually beneficial system should be safeguarded against ‘cheaters’. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
I: | Many species of fig trees can only be pollinated by their ‘partner’ wasp species and no other species. |
II: | The female wasp does not derive any benefit from this relationship. |
I: | This exemplifies the operation of co-evolution between the bee and the flower. |
II: | All orchids offer rewards to their specific pollinators. |