Mammals are:
1. osmoconformers.
2. hypotonic to their environment.
3. hypertonic to their environment.
4. osmoregulators.
The most toxic nitrogenous metabolic waste product is:
1. ammonia | 2. urea |
3. uric acid | 4. methane |
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Kidneys are not involved in:
1. Osmoregulation
2. Activation of Vitamin D
3. Secreting hormones
4. Glycogenesis
Malpighian body or the renal corpuscle is made up of:
1. Glomerular capillaries and PTCN
2. Bowman's capsule and renal tubules
3. Afferent and efferent arterioles
4. Glomerular capillaries and Bowman's capsule
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Filtration slits in the glomerular membrane are formed by:
1. The capillary endothelial cells
2. The basement membrane
3. The podocyte cells
4. Mesangial cells
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The juxtaglomerular apparatus is made up of:
1. Juxtaglomerular cells and podocytes
2. Macula densa and podocytes
3. Juxtaglomerular cells and mesangial cells
4. Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa
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The basic functions of human kidneys in the production of urine include all the following except:
1. | Glomerular filtration | 2. | Tubular reabsorption |
3. | Tubular secretion | 4. | Erythropoietin production |
The reabsorption, from the filtrate, of sodium, glucose and amino acids:
1. involves the Bowman's capsule
2. is restricted to the loop of Henle
3. occurs mainly in the proximal convoluted tubules
4. occurs mainly by osmosis
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What is the mechanism of reabsorption of glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron?
1. | Diffusion, depending on plasma glucose concentration |
2. | An active transport process that is linked to sodium reabsorption |
3. | An active transport process that is linked to amino acid transport |
4. | Active transport with no link to the transport of any other substance |
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All the following are secreted by the tubules of nephrons except:
1. Sodium ions | 2. Potassium ions |
3. Uric acid | 4. Hydrogen ions |
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