A forest was completely wiped out by the fire, after a long time grasses appeared and then large trees, this type of succession is known as-
a. Early succession
b. Primary succession
c. Secondary succession
d. Reforestation

Which type of succession could occur at newly cooled lava, bare rock, newly created pond or reservoir?
a. Early succession
b. Primary succession
c. Secondary succession
d. None of the above

Why does secondary succession is faster than primary succession?
a. It has fast growing plants
b. Soil formation is faster
c. Some soil or sediment is already present
d. It does not require water.

Which organisms are affected by the ecological succession?
a. Plants
b. animals
c. Birds
d. All of the above

At any time during succession, natural or human induced disturbances (fire, deforestation, etc.), could-
a. Convert a particular seral stage of succession to an earlier stage.
b. Create new conditions that encourage some species and discourage or eliminate other species.
c. Have no effect on the continuous process of succession.
d. More than one options are correct.

In Hydrarch succession of plants successional series progress from –
a. Xeric to mesic conditions
b. Hydric to the mesic conditions
c. Hydric to xeric conditions
d. Xeric to hydric conditions.

In Xerarch succession of plants successional series progress from –
a. Xeric to mesic conditions
b. Hydric to the mesic conditions
c. Hydric to xeric conditions
d. Xeric to hydric conditions.

Which term represents the medium water condition?
a. Xeric
b. Hydric
c. Mesic
d. Metic

The species that invade a bare area are called as-
a. Seral species
b. Pioneer species
c. Climax species
d. Keystone species

How do Lichens play a vital role in succession?
a. They grow in pollution free area
b. They secrete acids to dissolve rock, helping in weathering and soil formation.
c. They are symbiotic association between fungi and algae.
d. More than one options are correct.