In a sympatric speciation, there is:

1.	geographical isolation between groups of population
2.	no geographical isolation between groups of population
3.	reproductive isolation of a subpopulation in the midst of the parent population
4.	geographical isolation bout no reproductive isolation

In modern terms, selection refers to :

1. Inheritance of dominant characters
2. differential reproduction 
3. a decrease in allele frequency in a population
4. differences in the contribution of various genotypes to the next generation 

In genetic drift, the term "genetic bottleneck" means:

1. reduction in allele frequencies or richness

2. random change in allele frequency by chance alone

3. sudden increase in the number of individuals

4. reproductive isolation of the population

What is genetic equilibrium?

(1) When all the alleles of a gene are present in a population in equal frequencies

(2) When the number of heterozygotes in a population are equal to the number of either of the homozygote

(3) When the number of heterozygotes in a population are equal to the number of either of the homozygote

(4) When the frequency of particular genes or alleles remain constant in a population through generations

Which of the following is not a precondition for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

1. The population should be large

2. The mating should be assortative

3. There is no gene flow into or out of the population

4. All offspring should be equally fertile.

De Vries based his "Mutation Theory" on his observation on:

(1) Pisum sativum

(2) Drosophila melanogaster

(3) Oenothera lamarckiana

(4) Caenorhabditis elegans

Which of the following is not a major evolutionary trend seen in the evolution of horse?

(1) Progressive increase in the number of toes

(2) Increase in the complexity of the molar teeth

(3) Lengthening of the limbs in general

(4) Enlargement of the brain

Identify the correct statement:

1. As the coacervates do not have lipid outer membranes and cannot reproduce, they alone could not have been the precursors of life.

2. The microspheres could not be induced to constrict but had no large amount of diversity

3. The earliest life was probably not driven by the solar energy as is seen today

4. Protobionts cannot separate combination of molecules from the surroundings or maintain an internal environment but are able to reproduce.

For origin of life, which of the following is not a precondition, needed to be fullfilled by the protobionts under consideration ?
1. They should have been able to totally isolate themselve from the general environment
2. They should have been able to replicate
3. They should have acquired a perpetual source of energy 
4. Their replication should have been subject to error via mutation

Adenine was synthesized by Orgel, using the Miller apparatus, when he used the gas:

1. carbon dioxide

2. hydrogen cyanide

3. hydrogen sulfide

4. nitrogen